{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:15:55Z","timestamp":1789564555270,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]],"date-time":"2019-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569715200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea","award":["The base study to discover and to commercialize fo"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The base study to discover and to commercialize fo"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sound therapy is a treatment modality for tinnitus patients by increasing the background neuronal activity in the auditory system and inducing relative alleviation of the tinnitus. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of natural ocean sound exposure and ocean-side relaxation in chronic tinnitus patients. We prospectively enrolled all 18 chronic tinnitus patients (\u22656 months) from July to November 2018. All patients completed 90 hours of our programs. The improvement in their subjective tinnitus severity, moods, the quality of life, and sleep was serially assessed using several questionnaires at baseline, immediately, and 1 month after the program. Changes in serum stress hormone levels of the patients were also compared between the baseline and immediately after the program. Average total Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire score and factor 2 (hearing difficulty related to tinnitus) score significantly improved over time ( P = .024 and P = .002). Patient\u2019s serum cortisol and epinephrine level did not show significant decrease, and serum norepinephrine and serotonin level significantly increased immediately after our program ( P &lt; .001 and P &lt; .001). Natural ocean sound exposure and ocean-side relaxation for short-term period has a potential efficacy on chronic tinnitus patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561319873907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T18:53:53Z","timestamp":1569869633000},"page":"NP256-NP262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Effect of Natural Ocean Sound Exposure and Ocean-Side Relaxation on Chronic Tinnitus Patients: A Pilot Study in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Kang Hyeon","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuk Jin","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Chan","family":"Rah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaehyung","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Science Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Integrative Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Goo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6330-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"June","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000090487"},{"key":"bibr2-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1748042"},{"key":"bibr3-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2016.03.021"},{"key":"bibr4-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000450745"},{"key":"bibr5-0145561319873907","first-page":"991","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEK Conference: The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers","author":"Jin-Woo K","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr6-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199012000-00005"},{"key":"bibr7-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890140029007"},{"key":"bibr8-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715725"},{"key":"bibr9-0145561319873907","volume-title":"WHOQOL User Manual: Programme On Mental Health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr10-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282913505995"},{"key":"bibr11-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(96)00216-4"},{"key":"bibr12-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)66042-7"},{"key":"bibr13-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2011.03.001"},{"key":"bibr14-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2017.1386801"},{"key":"bibr15-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00095-9"},{"key":"bibr16-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(87)90017-9"},{"key":"bibr17-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221511700069X"},{"key":"bibr18-0145561319873907","first-page":"111","volume":"2","author":"Nodar RH","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J"},{"key":"bibr19-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.04.006"},{"key":"bibr20-0145561319873907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2785-5"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; 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