{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:55:00Z","timestamp":1784206500582,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584576000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The first recorded myringotomy was in 1649. Astley Cooper presented 2 papers to the Royal Society in 1801, based on his observations that myringotomy could improve hearing. Widespread inappropriate use of the procedure followed, with no benefit to patients; this led to it falling from favor for many decades. Hermann Schwartze reintroduced myringotomy later in the 19th century. It had been realized earlier that the tympanic membrane heals spontaneously, and much experimentation took place in attempting to keep the perforation open. The first described grommet was made of gold foil. Other materials were tried, including Politzer\u2019s attempts with rubber. Armstrong\u2019s vinyl tube effectively reintroduced grommets into current practice last century. There have been many eponymous variants, but the underlying principle of creating a perforation and maintaining it with a ventilation tube has remained unchanged. Recent studies have cast doubt over the long-term benefits of grommet insertion; is this the end of the third era?<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320914438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T05:40:17Z","timestamp":1584596417000},"page":"2S-7S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The History of Myringotomy and Grommets"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0533-8265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Rimmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head & Neck Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Giddings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head & Neck Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mount Alvernia Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0145561320914438","volume-title":"Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English","author":"Soanes C","year":"2005","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr2-0145561320914438","first-page":"60","volume":"64","author":"Senturia BH","year":"1960","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otol"},{"key":"bibr3-0145561320914438","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Withington ET. Translation of Hippocrates; On Joints 38-50. Loeb Classical Library, Vol. 3. London, United Kingdom: W. Heinemann; 1928. Cited by Black NA. Is glue ear a modern phenomenon?\u2014A historical review of the medical literature. Clin Otolaryngol. 1984;9(3):155\u2013163.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1984.tb01489.x"},{"key":"bibr4-0145561320914438","unstructured":"Riolan J. Encheiridium Anatomicum et pathologicum. Leiden, the Netherlands: Lugduni Batavorum; 1649. Cited by Brusis T, Luckhaupt H. Ear drum perforation. On the history of paracentesis and grommets. Laryngorhinootol. 1996;75:175\u2013183."},{"key":"bibr5-0145561320914438","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1985.tb01162.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0145561320914438","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197405000-00011"},{"key":"bibr7-0145561320914438","unstructured":"Degravers P. A Treatise on the Human Ear\u2014Addendum to Physico-Medical and Chirurgical Treatise on the Human Eye. 2nd ed. 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