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Although parotid gland involvement is extremely rare even in tuberculosis-endemic countries, accurate diagnosis of this clinical entity is of great significance because tuberculous parotitis can be successfully treated medically without surgical therapy. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and molecular identification of the parotid swellings are efficient in making a rapid diagnosis. Herein, we report an early misdiagnosis of malignancy from a renal transplantation patient on long-term immunologic inhibitor therapy, who ultimately proved to have tuberculosis of the parotid gland by FNAC and molecular identification. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the etiologic characteristics, epidemiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, histopathologic findings, and pathogenic mechanisms of these rare infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0145561320964267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T03:20:32Z","timestamp":1601522432000},"page":"NP266-NP269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Do Not Ignore Tuberculosis of the Parotid Gland When Meeting Obvious Infiltration of Neutrophils in a Suspicious Swelling by FNAC"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3321-2176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumei","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0145561320964267","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2019","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr2-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.32.85.17173"},{"key":"bibr3-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21350"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr4-0145561320964267","first-page":"620","volume":"19","author":"Wiwanitkit V","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Invest"},{"key":"bibr5-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2016.06.009"},{"key":"bibr6-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2012.07.024"},{"key":"bibr7-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05014.x"},{"key":"bibr8-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.18.12.20436-en"},{"key":"bibr9-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68386-4"},{"key":"bibr10-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.06.010"},{"key":"bibr11-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.06.010"},{"key":"bibr12-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-193002000-00005"},{"key":"bibr13-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.2001.0644"},{"key":"bibr14-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200109000-00019"},{"key":"bibr15-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001823"},{"key":"bibr16-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940511400710"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr17-0145561320964267","first-page":"188","volume":"46","author":"Kumagai S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"bibr18-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12224"},{"key":"bibr19-0145561320964267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2007.04222.x"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; 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