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Although endovascular treatment is the standard of care in the management of CCFs, it was contraindicated in this patient. Instead, she underwent an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) with decompression of the medial orbital apex, including the cavernous sinus and optic nerve, with complete resolution of headache, lateral gaze palsy, and diplopia within 2 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613211030347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T12:42:30Z","timestamp":1625056950000},"page":"693-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endoscopic Endonasal Orbital Apex Decompression for Carotid Cavernous Fistula"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4834-2769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5904-4874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlyn","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SoHyun","family":"Boo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8621-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01455613211030347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.2.FOCUS1223"},{"key":"bibr2-01455613211030347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.004"},{"key":"bibr3-01455613211030347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2020-015877"},{"key":"bibr4-01455613211030347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.02.033"},{"key":"bibr5-01455613211030347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2018.1513537"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; Throat Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613211030347","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01455613211030347","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613211030347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:35:09Z","timestamp":1777401309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01455613211030347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01455613211030347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01455613211030347","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-5613","1942-7522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-5613","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]}}}