{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T17:15:03Z","timestamp":1780506903932,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81770977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To observe the efficacy and safety of postoperative long-term low-dose oral administration of clarithromycin in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (RCRS), to explore the characteristics of postoperative microbiota in the nasal cavity in patients with RCRS, and to compare the differences and changes in microbiota in the nasal cavity before and after medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective, self-controlled study. Eighteen patients with RCRS who had persistent symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery and standard therapy with normal immunoglobulin E and eosinophil level were included. Low dose (250 mg, once daily) clarithromycin was orally administrated for 12 weeks. Symptom severity and endoscopic findings were evaluated before, after 4 weeks, and 12 weeks of treatment, and nasal cavity microbiota was analyzed simultaneously.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 18 patients with RCRS were enrolled and 17 patients completed the study. Four weeks after oral administration of clarithromycin, significant improvement was observed in subjective symptoms including nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, and general discomfort, as well as endoscopic findings including general surgical cavity condition, rhinedema, and rhinorrhea (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05). After continuous treatment to the 12th week, symptoms showed significant improvement compared with baseline, and endoscopic score showed significant improvement compared with both baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. Analysis of middle nasal meatus flora revealed a significant decrease of\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      after 12 weeks of clarithromycin treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05), while the richness, composition, and diversity were similar before and after treatment. Patients enrolled experienced no adverse drug reaction or allergic reaction, nor clinical significant liver function impairment observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative low-dose long-term oral administration of clarithromycin in patients with RCRS can improve the clinical symptoms and facilitate the mucosal epithelialization, with good tolerance and safety. The efficacy of clarithromycin in patients with RCRS may be related to its regulatory effect on nasal cavity microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613211032020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T23:46:05Z","timestamp":1627429565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Low-Dose Clarithromycin in Patients With Refractory Chronic Sinusitis After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Prospective Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2530-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxiao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nianci","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12577"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199802000-00001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"305","article-title":"Impact of chronic rhinosinusitis therapy on quality of life: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"48","author":"Ragab SM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ragab SM, Lund VJ, Scadding G, Saleh HA, Khalifa MA. Impact of chronic rhinosinusitis therapy on quality of life: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Rhinology. 2010;48(3):305\u2013311. doi:10.4193\/Rhin08.137","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Investigation of relevant factors on refractory chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"45","author":"Muneif AS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Muneif AS, Zuo KJ, Shi JB, Xu G. Investigation of relevant factors on refractory chronic rhinosinusitis. Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;45(12):1003\u20131007. doi:10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2010.12.008","journal-title":"Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.119484"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000231786.10969.3f"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480701724896"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.2_suppl.41S"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08091451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.2_suppl.62S"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2015.29.4244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino12.000"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"718","article-title":"[Macrolide therapy on nasal mucosal persistent refractory inflammation after endoscopic sinus surgery]","volume":"46","author":"Zuo KJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zuo KJ, Xu G. [Macrolide therapy on nasal mucosal persistent refractory inflammation after endoscopic sinus surgery]. Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;46(9):718\u2013722. doi:10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2011.09.004","journal-title":"Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.124849"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2014.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000191560.53555.08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000027731"},{"issue":"29","key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020","volume":"58","author":"Fokkens WJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, et al. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020. Rhinology. 2020;58(suppl S29):1\u2013464.","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin17.049"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"550","article-title":"Add-on effect of clarithromycin to oral steroids as post-operative therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"58","author":"Lin CF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin CF, Wang MC, Merton AT, et al. Add-on effect of clarithromycin to oral steroids as post-operative therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a randomized controlled trial. Rhinology. 2020;58(6):550\u2013558. doi:10.4193\/Rhin19.325","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"284","article-title":"Predictive factors for identifying macrolide responder in treating chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"59","author":"Seresirikachorn K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seresirikachorn K, Kerr SJ, Aeumjaturapat S, et al. Predictive factors for identifying macrolide responder in treating chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2021;59(3):284\u2013291. doi:10.4193\/Rhin20.649","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31806009b0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000221954.05467.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21505"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Biofilms and chronic rhinosinusitis: systemic review of evidence current concepts and directions for research","volume":"45","author":"Lund V","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lund V. Biofilms and chronic rhinosinusitis: systemic review of evidence current concepts and directions for research. Rhinology. 2007;45(1):3\u201313.","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.66.1454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13632"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; Throat Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613211032020","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01455613211032020","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613211032020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:35:12Z","timestamp":1777401312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01455613211032020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01455613211032020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01455613211032020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-5613","1942-7522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-5613","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]}}}