{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:32:07Z","timestamp":1789399927585,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Defense\/Office of Naval Research grants","award":["N000141210810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N000141210810"]}]},{"name":"Department of Defense\/Office of Naval Research grants","award":["N000141210597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N000141210597"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the applicability of a fresh tissue model for teaching facial plastic techniques and approaches to the eyelids and orbit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational animal experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten prepubescent sheep heads harvested following humane euthanasia at the completion of unrelated live animal research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Young sheep were saline perfused at the end of an in vivo protocol. Head and neck tissues were harvested and refrigerated for 3\u20137\u00a0days. An experienced oculoplastic surgeon and an otolaryngologist explored the feasibility of common oculoplastic procedures in the ovine model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The model has potential for teaching basic principles in eyelid surgery including upper lid blepharoplasty, aponeurotic ptosis repair, upper lid gold weight lid loading for facial paralysis, lateral canthotomy and inferior limb cantholysis, lower lid tightening, and transconjunctival approach to the orbital floor. Eye muscle advancement, optic nerve sheath fenestration, and enucleation also accurately simulated human surgery. Anatomic variations limit the sheep model for orbital floor reconstruction and lacrimal drainage procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sheep head and neck provide an inexpensive, safe model for developing skills in several oculoplastic procedures. Formal simulation testing is needed to confirm these expert opinions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613211047036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T03:13:21Z","timestamp":1632366801000},"page":"43S-49S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Applicability of a sheep model for training in plastic surgery of eyelids and orbit"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5977-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenn","family":"Isaacson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan E.","family":"Wulc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe068179"},{"key":"bibr2-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200502000-00005"},{"key":"bibr3-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2007.62"},{"key":"bibr4-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2003.10.002"},{"key":"bibr5-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.IOP.0000134269.82082.A8"},{"key":"bibr6-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22169"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr7-01455613211047036","first-page":"272","volume":"37","author":"Ianacone DC","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"bibr8-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215111000776"},{"key":"bibr9-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100133882"},{"key":"bibr10-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22585"},{"key":"bibr11-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1450"},{"key":"bibr12-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-02045-x"},{"key":"bibr13-01455613211047036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12218"},{"key":"bibr14-01455613211047036","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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