{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:35:47Z","timestamp":1787664947212,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between ankyloglossia and speech is controversial. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tongue-tie release on speech articulation and intelligibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study was conducted. Pediatric patients (&gt;2\u00a0years of age) being referred for speech concerns due to ankyloglossia were assessed by a pediatric otolaryngologist, and speech articulation was formally assessed by a speech language pathologist using the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation 2 (GFTA-2). Patients then underwent a tongue-tie release procedure in clinic. After 1\u00a0month, speech articulation was reassessed with GFTA-2. Audio-recordings of sessions were evaluated by independent reviewers to assess speech intelligibility before and after tongue-tie release.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-five participants were included (mean age 3.7\u00a0years; 20 boys). The most common speech errors identified were phonological substitutions (80%) and gliding errors (56%). Seven children (28%) had abnormal lingual-alveolar and interdental sounds. Most speech sound errors (87.9%) were age\/developmentally appropriate. GFTA-2 standard scores before and after tongue-tie release were 85.61 (SD 9.75) and 87.54 (SD 10.21), respectively, (P=.5). Mean intelligibility scores before and after tongue-tie release were 3.15 (SD .22) and 3.21 (SD .31), respectively, (P=.43).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of children being referred for speech concerns thought to be due to ankyloglossia had age-appropriate speech errors at presentation. Ankyloglossia was not associated with isolated tongue mobility related speech articulation errors in a consistent manner, and there was no benefit of tongue-tie release in improving speech articulation or intelligibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613211064045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T21:23:17Z","timestamp":1639603397000},"page":"NP450-NP454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Effect of Tongue-Tie Release on Speech Articulation and Intelligibility"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Melong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bezuhly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8766-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"bibr1-01455613211064045","first-page":"1027","volume":"53","author":"Segal LM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr2-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.126.1.36"},{"key":"bibr3-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.18.1.1"},{"key":"bibr4-01455613211064045","volume-title":"Treatments for Ankyloglossia and Ankyloglossia with Concomitant Lip-Tie [Internet]","author":"Francis DO","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr5-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0660"},{"key":"bibr6-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.03.008"},{"key":"bibr7-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr8-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59980300258-4"},{"key":"bibr9-01455613211064045","first-page":"31","volume":"30","author":"Queiroz Marchesan I","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Orofac Myol"},{"key":"bibr10-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2005.01108.x"},{"key":"bibr11-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/leader.FTR2.10172005.6"},{"key":"bibr12-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(03)00029-4"},{"key":"bibr13-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12474"},{"key":"bibr14-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.129731"},{"key":"bibr15-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.11.006"},{"key":"bibr16-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.090086"},{"key":"bibr17-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxx112"},{"key":"bibr18-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(00)00359-1"},{"key":"bibr19-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817690135"},{"key":"bibr20-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4358-1-3"},{"key":"bibr21-01455613211064045","volume-title":"The Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function (ATLFF): Use in a Lactation Consultant Private Practice","author":"Hazelbaker AK","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr22-01455613211064045","volume-title":"Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation","author":"Goldman R","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr23-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5404.482"},{"key":"bibr24-01455613211064045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529465"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; 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