{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:18:10Z","timestamp":1777562290181,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the global COVID-19 pandemic, nasopharyngeal swabbing has become commonplace and can occasionally cause discomfort, tearing, and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether using a neural distraction device during nasopharyngeal swabbing can mitigate patient discomfort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were randomized into nasal swab with vibration first (treatment-control or Tc) or nasal swab without vibration first (control-treatment or Ct). Then the swab was repeated with the opposite technique. The vibration device was used to stimulate the infraorbital nerve at the midpupillary line, while a nasopharyngeal swab was performed according to CDC protocol. After each swab, participants filled out a survey to assess pain, discomfort, and tearing. This procedure was replicated on the contralateral nostril for a total of 4 swabs and 4 surveys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four subjects were included in the analysis. In the Ct group, there was a median 1.0-point decrease in pain with the use of vibration (95% CI [\u22121.8, \u22120.3], P = 0.0117), 2.5-point decrease (95% CI [\u22123.0, \u22120.8], P = 00039) in discomfort, and a 1.0-point decrease (95% CI [\u22122.6, \u22120.2] P = 0.0303) in tearing when the vibratory device was used. In the Tc group, there was a median 2.0-point decrease in pain with vibration (95% CI [ \u22122.7, \u22121.1], P &lt; 0.0001), 2.3-point decrease in discomfort (95% CI [\u22123.1, \u22121.5], P &lt; 0.0001), and a 1.5-point decrease in tearing (95% CI [\u22122.5, \u22120.5], P = 0.0037) when vibration was used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vibratory stimulation of the infraorbital nerve is safe and effectively reduced pain, discomfort, and tearing during nasopharyngeal swab. Vibration is a reasonable option to minimize patient discomfort during COVID-19 or other microbiological testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613211069344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T11:52:12Z","timestamp":1643370732000},"page":"NP560-NP566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A randomized control trial employing infraorbital nerve stimulation as a neural distractor during nasopharyngeal swab"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7108-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Sussman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurren","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wagoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Stanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Heffelfinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Krein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01455613211069344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050761"},{"key":"bibr2-01455613211069344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa760"},{"key":"bibr3-01455613211069344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02881-20"},{"key":"bibr4-01455613211069344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5070\/D348Q9S83P"},{"key":"bibr5-01455613211069344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971"},{"key":"bibr6-01455613211069344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00145-1"},{"key":"bibr7-01455613211069344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X11422809"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr8-01455613211069344","first-page":"1022","volume":"2","author":"Ungor C","year":"2014","journal-title":"JSM Dent"},{"key":"bibr9-01455613211069344","first-page":"e9","volume":"16","author":"Kuwahara H","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"key":"bibr10-01455613211069344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01037"},{"key":"bibr11-01455613211069344","unstructured":"CDC \u2013 National center for immunization and respiratory diseases, division of viral diseases\u2013 Interim guidelines for collecting and handling of clinical specimens for COVID-19 testing. 2021. 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