{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T06:39:09Z","timestamp":1778308749983,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thymic cysts are rare benign neck masses, accounting for less than 1% of all cervical masses. This study aims to discern different presentations, investigations, and treatment options of thymic cysts in adults by reviewing prior published studies from January 2010 to October 2021 to bridge the knowledge gap since the last review by Michalopoulos in 2011. Moreover, we present a case of a 28-year-old male with a left cervical thymic cyst.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from a literature search using the ScienceDirect, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study retrospectively analyzes reported cases of adult cervical thymic cysts by collecting demographic data, patient presentation, duration, location, size, type of imaging, fine-needle aspiration, and surgical approach. Eighteen patients were included. Cysts were seen on the left (n = 9), right (n = 5), and midline (n = 4). The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 64\u00a0years. Most patients present with painless left-sided neck swelling. Computed tomography (CT) was the preferred imaging modality in most cases. Moreover, surgical excision was essential for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. This study did not require institutional review board approval.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult cervical thymic cyst is a rare etiology. Nevertheless, a painless left-sided neck mass with no clear lower border should uphold thymic cyst as a differential diagnosis. MRI and CT scans are the preferred imaging modalities for preoperative planning. Surgical excision is mandatory for treatment and histological confirmation. As of October 2021, around 54 cases of adult thymus cysts had been reported to the best of our knowledge and review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613221111490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T15:50:42Z","timestamp":1656431442000},"page":"42-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adult Cervical Thymic Cysts: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Hesham Saleh","family":"Almofada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center"},{"name":"Alfaisal Unviersity, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9940-5440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norah Ibrahim","family":"Almedemgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eyas Osama","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center"},{"name":"Alfaisal Unviersity, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2017.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"4059530","article-title":"A rare case of a cervical thymic cyst presenting in adulthood","volume":"2020","author":"Smith BD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith BD, Schild MH, Jiang XS, Kahmke RR. A rare case of a cervical thymic cyst presenting in adulthood. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2020;2020:4059530.","journal-title":"Case Rep Otolaryngol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5106\/jjshns.27.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11106\/ijt.2017.10.2.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"801745","article-title":"Cervical thymic cyst in an adult","volume":"2014","author":"Alzahrani HA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alzahrani HA, Iqbal JM, Abu Shaheen AK, Al Harthi BN. Cervical thymic cyst in an adult. Case Rep Surg. 2014;2014:801745.","journal-title":"Case Rep Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"136","article-title":"Thymic cyst: A rare cause of cervical cyst in adults","volume":"28","author":"Kallel S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kallel S, Mnejja M. Thymic cyst: A rare cause of cervical cyst in adults. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;28:136.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-016-0905-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Adult cervical thymus revealed by thyroid medullary carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Handra-Luca A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Handra-Luca A. Adult cervical thymus revealed by thyroid medullary carcinoma. Malays J Pathol. 2013;35:185-186.","journal-title":"Malays J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131109000912"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-240160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/2349-2902.isj20205375"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.01767.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10001-1230"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20192735"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35420\/jcohns.2020.31.2.271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"471","article-title":"Thymic cyst: A rare etiology of cervical mass in adults","volume":"2020","author":"Belhaj N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Belhaj N, Laassikri O, Rahim H, et al. Thymic cyst: A rare etiology of cervical mass in adults. Sch J Med Case Rep. 2020;2020:471-472.","journal-title":"Sch J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Thymic cysts: A rare entity in adults","volume":"99","author":"Queralt Mart\u00edn R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Queralt Mart\u00edn R, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez Belenguer M, Mart\u00ednez Hern\u00e1ndez A, Menor Dur\u00e1n PD, Laguna Sastre JM. Thymic cysts: A rare entity in adults. 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