{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:41:49Z","timestamp":1793230909389,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted to identify the risk factors for free flap outcomes in head and neck reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of 318 free flaps were used for head and neck reconstructions in 317 patients over seven years. The patient characteristics, surgical data, and flap outcomes were recorded. The impact of risk factors related on the outcomes of free flaps were analyzed using single and multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For single factor analysis, 295 free flaps for the first reconstruction were included. Hypertension and the type of recipient vein are associated with venous thrombosis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .018,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .047). Hypertension, type of free flap, recipient artery, and recipient vein were associated with the incidence of re-exploration (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .009,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .011,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .017,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .021). Hypertension had an obvious effect on the flap survival (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .005). For multivariate analysis, hypertension (odds ratio = .166, 95% confidence interval: .043 \u2013 .636;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .009) was a statistically significant risk factor for flap survival. For types of recipient artery and vein, selecting two venous anastomosis (one of IJVS and one of EJVS) had the minimum incidence of venous thrombosis (2.2%), and selecting facial artery, single vein (one of IJVS), and two veins (one of IJVS and one of EJVS) for anastomosis had lower incidence of re-exploration, which were 4.4%, 2.9%, and 6.0%, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk factors as hypertension, type of free flap, recipient artery and vein should be paid more attention in the free flaps for head and neck reconstructions. We believe proper measures will lead to better results in head and neck reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613221115143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T13:52:00Z","timestamp":1657720320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk Factors for Free Flap Outcomes: A Retrospective Study of 318 Free Flaps for Head and Neck Defect Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6276-0468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi-hui","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8320-2526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shou-cheng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Clinical School of Harbin Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong-fei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui-juan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.1062"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24097"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20758"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000095409.32437.d4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004873"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2005.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/fomm-20-38"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.05.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24785"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30193"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e318172b91d"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003085"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30752"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1721108"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22454"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22223"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"Age as a risk factor in cervicofacial reconstruction","volume":"18","author":"Pompei S","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pompei S, Tedesco M, Pozzi M, VArAnese A, BArile A, MarzettiF. 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