{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T21:13:45Z","timestamp":1793913225360,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To identify frontal sinus anatomical variations grouped by patient sex, race, and presence of chronic rhinosinusitis with frontal sinus involvement (CRFS) using the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) system.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A retrospective review from 2015 to 2020 was performed of consecutive adult patients with computed tomography sinus imaging. Prevalence of frontal sinus cells using the IFAC system was recorded. Comparisons were made between patient race, sex, and CRFS groups.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 184 patients (368 sides) were included, 90 (48.9%) of which had CRFS. The racial distribution was 50 white (27.2%), 50 black (27.2%), 45 Hispanic\/Latino (24.5%), and 39 Asian (21.2%) patients. The supra agger cell was most prevalent in the white population (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.009), and supraorbital ethmoid cells were more prevalent in the Asian population (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.017). Patients with frontal sinus disease were more likely to have a supraorbital ethmoid cell (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.024). Overall, CRFS was more prevalent in the Asian population (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.013).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Significant differences in frontal sinus anatomy and disease exist between patient race and sex. Supraorbital ethmoid cells are associated with the development of CRFS. These patterns in frontal sinus anatomy should be noted prior to frontal sinus surgery to improve surgical awareness and outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613231185701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T06:15:20Z","timestamp":1689833720000},"page":"119-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Frontal Sinus Anatomy Variations in Race and Sex Using the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Howser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9219-285X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyan B.","family":"Sreenath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Y.","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa A.","family":"Illing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1618","article-title":"The frontal sinus drainage pathway and related structures","volume":"24","author":"Daniels DL","year":"2003","unstructured":"Daniels DL, Mafee MF, Smith MM, et al The frontal sinus drainage pathway and related structures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24:1618\u20131627.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131209100319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.192031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2016.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/105065894781874278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"European position paper on the anatomical terminology of the internal nose and paranasal sinuses","volume":"24","author":"Lund VJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lund VJ, Stammberger H, Fokkens WJ, et al European position paper on the anatomical terminology of the internal nose and paranasal sinuses. 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