{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:07:10Z","timestamp":1777561630220,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Health Commission Fund","award":["20203227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20203227"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82101237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This case series report aimed to present three surgical approaches used for the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea, providing less invasive surgical options for managing this condition.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Clinical data of 26 patients with CSF otorrhea, who underwent treatment using three surgical methods between June 2012 and June 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. The study collected information on patients\u2019 basic demographic characteristics, chief complaints, location of the defect, results of otorrhea endoscopic examination, findings from skull base thin-slice computed tomography (CT) examination, and causes of CSF otorrhea. Postoperative outcomes of CSF otorrhea were followed up.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Among the 26 cases of CSF otorrhea, there were 13 (50%) males and 13 (50%) females who underwent treatment using the three surgical methods. The etiology of CSF otorrhea included 10 (38%) cases of spontaneous CSF otorrhea, including 2 (8%) cases of congenital inner ear deformity and 8 (31%) cases without obvious inducement. Additionally, there were 5 (19%) cases of trauma, 6 (23%) cases of cholesteatoma complications, 3 (12%) cases of postoperative complications of brain tumor, 1 (4%) case of radiotherapy, and 1 (4%) case of a malignant tumor. A total of 12 (46%) cases of CSF otorrhea were treated by local repair of the defect. Furthermore, 3 (12%) cases underwent local repair of the defect combined with sealing of the tympanic sinus entrance, while 11 (42%) cases underwent local repair of the defect combined with sealing of the eustachian tube and the external auditory canal. No recurrence of CSF otorrhea was observed during the 6-month to 10-year follow-up period after surgery.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The three methods for CSF otorrhea, including local defect repair, local defect repair combined with sealing of the tympanic sinus entrance, and sealing of the eustachian tube and the external auditory canal, demonstrated successful outcomes in appropriately selected patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613231201021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T09:16:06Z","timestamp":1696065366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of 3 Surgical Approaches for the Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea: A Case Series Report"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Shasha","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The 908th Hospital of Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Nanchang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9762-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongqun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wugen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8626-2320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00423-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000179526.17285.cc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116008458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820911720"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811411534"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"62","article-title":"Dignosis and treatment of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea","volume":"16","author":"Yang DH","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang DH, Ni DF, Xu CX, et al Dignosis and treatment of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. Chin Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;16(2):62-64.","journal-title":"Chin Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1800224"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"575","article-title":"Incomplete separation of type I inner ear malformation and cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea","volume":"28","author":"Liao HH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liao HH, Luo WG, Wang D. Incomplete separation of type I inner ear malformation and cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. J Audiol Speech Pathol. 2020;28(5):575-577.","journal-title":"J Audiol Speech Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Surgical management of Mondini dysplasia with cerebrospinal fluid leakage","volume":"17","author":"Wu H","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu H, Cao RP, Chen XP, Xiang M, Meng G, Huang Q. Surgical management of Mondini dysplasia with cerebrospinal fluid leakage. J Clin Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;17(1):4-5.","journal-title":"J Clin Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200301000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.110049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894211007242"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"200","article-title":"Causal analysis and management strategies of cerebrospinal fluid leakage following translabyrinthine approach for acoustic neuromas","volume":"49","author":"Zhang XJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang XJ, Shen WD, Dai P, Yang W, Han D, Yang S. Causal analysis and management strategies of cerebrospinal fluid leakage following translabyrinthine approach for acoustic neuromas. Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;49(3):200-204.","journal-title":"Chin J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-015-0665-8"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; Throat Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613231201021","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01455613231201021","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613231201021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:34:13Z","timestamp":1777401253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01455613231201021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01455613231201021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01455613231201021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-5613","1942-7522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-5613","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]]}}}