{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:07:45Z","timestamp":1777561665506,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Myiasis is the invasion of mammalian tissues by dipterous larvae. Cutaneous myiasis is the commonest type, and less commonly, internal tissues and organs are affected. Here, we report the first case of oro-nasopharyngeal myiasis caused by the third-instar larvae of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chrysomya bezziana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Old-World screwworm) in Sri Lanka. A retired 71-year-old female tea-plucker presented to the hospital with a 4-day history of nasal bleeding and neck discomfort. Except for well-controlled hypertension, she had no significant medical history. On examination, there was an ulcerated area in the posterior oro-nasopharynx filled with maggots. Hematological analysis showed a high C-reactive protein level (24 mg\/dL) and white blood cell count (17.5 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/L) with 80% neutrophils. Computed tomography showed severe inflammation of the pharynx with no features of a neoplasm or parapharyngeal abscess. An examination was performed under anesthesia followed by manual removal of larvae, surgical debridement with biopsy, and treatment with antiparasitic medicines and antibiotics. Histopathology excluded neoplasm and only showed inflammatory changes. All extracted larvae were morphologically similar and identified as third-instar larvae of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. bezziana<\/jats:italic>\n                    using a trinocular zoom stereomicroscope. The patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital on the 15th day and was well at 2 months follow-up.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613231207283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T02:18:27Z","timestamp":1697854707000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human Oro-Nasopharyngeal Myiasis by\n                    <i>Chrysomya Bezziana<\/i>\n                    (Old-World Screwworm): The First Reported Case in Sri Lanka"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Bingumal","family":"Jayasundara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"District General Hospital, Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6177-4307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasini","family":"Banneheke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Parasitology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susiji","family":"Wickremasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayantha B.","family":"Kallora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"District General Hospital, Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kavisha P.","family":"Dissanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"District General Hospital, Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007391"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"374","article-title":"An Indian screw-worm","volume":"44","author":"Patterson RL","year":"1909","unstructured":"Patterson RL. An Indian screw-worm. Ind Med Gaz. 1909;44(10):374-376.","journal-title":"Ind Med Gaz"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1954.00710050116014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00985.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14291"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"211","article-title":"Myiasis in dogs and cats treated in two veterinary clinics in peradeniya, Sri Lanka","volume":"4","author":"Bandara WRUA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bandara WRUA, Karunaratne W, Fuward RM, Dangolla A, Yasakeerthi ADH. Myiasis in dogs and cats treated in two veterinary clinics in peradeniya, Sri Lanka. J Entomol Zool Stud. 2016;4(6):211-215.","journal-title":"J Entomol Zool Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"87","article-title":"A case of human nasopharyngeal myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve, 1914 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Malaysia","volume":"22","author":"Lee HL","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee HL, Krishnasamy M, Jeffery J. A case of human nasopharyngeal myiasis caused by Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve, 1914 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Malaysia. Trop Biomed. 2005;22(1):87-88.","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Chrysomya bezziana (Old-World screw-worm). Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI). https:\/\/www.cabi.org\/isc\/datasheet\/88417"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","article-title":"Oral myiasis: the diagnostic conundrum-a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Kumar PS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kumar PS, Ramadas R, Shankaran P, Thampan N. Oral myiasis: the diagnostic conundrum-a systematic review. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2019;13(9): ZE01-ZE04.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagnostic Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022215100156695"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1808-8694(15)30651-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Pharyngeal myiasis caused by sheep botfly, oestrus ovis (diptera: oestridae) Larva, Tabriz, East Azarbaijan Province, Iran: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Hazratian T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hazratian T, Tagizadeh A, Chaichi M, Abbasi M. Pharyngeal myiasis caused by sheep botfly, oestrus ovis (diptera: oestridae) Larva, Tabriz, East Azarbaijan Province, Iran: a case report. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2017;11(1):166-170.","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v52i1.1048"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"330","article-title":"A case of nasomyiasis whose agent was Sarcophaga sp","volume":"30","author":"T\u00fcrk M","year":"2006","unstructured":"T\u00fcrk M, Af\u015far I, Ozbel Y, Sener AG, Uner A, T\u00fcrker M. A case of nasomyiasis whose agent was Sarcophaga sp. Turkiye parazitolojii Derg. 2006;30(4):330-332.","journal-title":"Turkiye parazitolojii Derg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0112-0"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"2158","article-title":"[Nasal myiasis]","volume":"157","author":"Skibsted R","year":"1995","unstructured":"Skibsted R, Larsen M, Gomme G. [Nasal myiasis]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1995;157(15):2158-2160.","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"First report of human nasal myiasis caused by Eristalis tenax in Iran (Diptera: Syrphidae)","volume":"4","author":"Salimi M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salimi M, Edalat H, Jourabchi A, Oshaghi M. First report of human nasal myiasis caused by Eristalis tenax in Iran (Diptera: Syrphidae). Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2010;4(1):77-80.","journal-title":"Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2020.69360"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2017.06.12"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; Throat Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613231207283","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01455613231207283","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613231207283","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:34:19Z","timestamp":1777401259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01455613231207283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01455613231207283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01455613231207283","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-5613","1942-7522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-5613","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]}}}