{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:11:38Z","timestamp":1777561898406,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Stuttering is a pronunciation disorder represented by repetitive perpetuations, duplications, or freezes of spoken words or syllables, as well as nervousness and cognitive shunning. Group A beta-hemolytic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (GABHS) can lead to pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS). Many case reports have proposed that stuttering is the result of a PANDAS, and that it can be identified together with Tourette syndrome, which shares many clinical characteristics with stuttering.\n                    <jats:bold>Aim:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The purpose of this study was to examine the association between streptococcal serology and stuttering in children.\n                    <jats:bold>Method:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The participants in this study are 26 children who stutter (CWS; mean age = 8.3 + 3.1 years) and 25 children who do not stutter (CWNS; mean age = 9.2 + 2.9 years). Participants were matched in terms of age (\u00b13 months) and gender. We analyzed serum antistreptococcal antibodies [antistreptolysin O (ASO), anti-deoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNase B), and antistreptokinase] in both groups.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In the CWS group, ASO, anti-DNase B, and antistreptokinase were significantly higher than in the CWNS group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .0001,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .0001,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .0001).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The higher serum antistreptococcal antibody amounts in CWS suggest that an increased autoimmune response against GAHBS may be the etiology of childhood stuttering. It has been suggested that CWS should be examined for autoimmune reactions, especially to GAHBS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613241244946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T07:57:55Z","timestamp":1712649475000},"page":"513-515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Streptococcal Serology in Children With Stuttering"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Tulin","family":"Fidan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serkan","family":"Ceyhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2333-695X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vural","family":"Fidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department, Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"479","article-title":"Stuttering: clinical and research update","volume":"62","author":"Perez HR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perez HR, Stoeckle JH. Stuttering: clinical and research update. Can Fam Physician. 2016;62(6):479-484.","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1692965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2021.75.456-461"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"172","article-title":"[The frequency of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in acute tonsillopharyngitis and therapy with cefadroxil, clavulanic acid-amoxicillin combination and erythromycin in patients unresponsive to procaine penicillin therapy]","volume":"21","author":"Tuncer AM","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tuncer AM, Kunak B, Kirsa\u00e7 N, et al [The frequency of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in acute tonsillopharyngitis and therapy with cefadroxil, clavulanic acid-amoxicillin combination and erythromycin in patients unresponsive to procaine penicillin therapy]. Mikrobiyol Bul. 1987;21(3):172-177.","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.569519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00125-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020600557060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738050200050601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145701002371"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmn039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.06.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","article-title":"Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis","volume":"3","author":"van Driel ML","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Driel ML, De Sutter AI, Thorning S, Christiaens T. Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;3(3):CD004406.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; Throat Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613241244946","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01455613241244946","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613241244946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:34:54Z","timestamp":1777401294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01455613241244946"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01455613241244946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01455613241244946","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-5613","1942-7522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-5613","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]}}}