{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T22:10:11Z","timestamp":1780092611836,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epistaxis is a common cause of consultation in otolaryngology, manifesting either as isolated episodes or recurrent events. In this paper, we report the history of an 8-year-old African male who presented with periodic epistaxis temporally associated with joint inflammation. The diagnostic work-up, supported by artificial intelligence-based clinical decision support, led to the diagnosis of rheumatic fever. This case describes a very rare etiology of periodic epistaxis and demonstrates the potential usefulness of artificial intelligence as an adjunctive clinical tool. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of rheumatic fever presenting with periodic epistaxis in the pediatric population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613251335385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T04:26:08Z","timestamp":1748924768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Diagnosis of an Unusual Cause of Periodic Epistaxis: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me R.","family":"Lechien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, CHU Helora, Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi A.","family":"Vaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France"},{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardegna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane","family":"Hans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1251-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Maniaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, Enna Kore University, Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"305","article-title":"Management of epistaxis","volume":"71","author":"Kucik CJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kucik CJ, Clenney T. Management of epistaxis. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71:305-311.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613231207291"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"0311","article-title":"Recurrent epistaxis in children","volume":"2013","author":"McGarry GW","year":"2013","unstructured":"McGarry GW. Recurrent epistaxis in children. BMJ Clin Evid. 2013;2013:0311.","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","article-title":"Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-laser treatment of epistaxis","volume":"96","author":"Poje G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poje G, Kavanagh MM. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia-laser treatment of epistaxis. Ear Nose Throat J. 2017;96(9):E10-E14.","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130208101213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131709600808"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130308200709"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Epistaxis in children: causes, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"70","author":"Siegel JA","year":"1991","unstructured":"Siegel JA. Epistaxis in children: causes, diagnosis and treatment. Ear Nose Throat J. 1991;70(3):185.","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-016-2801-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis422"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","article-title":"Calculated decisions: Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever diagnosis","volume":"17","author":"Tam D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tam D, Berger M, Lee H. Calculated decisions: Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever diagnosis. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract. 2020;17(1):CD3-CD4.","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Med Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0258-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.807"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","article-title":"Large language models as adjunctive tools for diagnosing rare diseases in otolaryngology: a controlled study","author":"Lechien JR","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lechien JR, Maniaci A. Large language models as adjunctive tools for diagnosing rare diseases in otolaryngology: a controlled study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2025.","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["Ear, Nose &amp; Throat Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613251335385","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01455613251335385","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01455613251335385","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:38:30Z","timestamp":1777401510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01455613251335385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01455613251335385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01455613251335385","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-5613","1942-7522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-5613","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-7522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"article-number":"01455613251335385"}}