{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:45:28Z","timestamp":1789825528707,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province Project","award":["2021BCA144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BCA144"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate comorbidities and severity correlations among inner ear malformations (IEMs) classifications and analyze subtype characteristics to optimize preoperative evaluation and cochlear implantation (CI) strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective multicenter data from Hubei Province were analyzed for 336 children with IEMs who received unilateral CI (2012-2020). IEMs were classified and graded using Sennaro\u011flu and Adibelli criteria, and data visualization tools were used to assess subtypes, comorbidities, and severity correlations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among pediatric candidates for CI with IEMs, isolated enlarged vestibular aqueduct, isolated incomplete partition type II, and multiple malformations were the 3 most common subtypes, accounting for 80.7% of cases. Vestibular aqueduct malformation (VAM) primarily occurred as an isolated condition, whereas internal auditory canal malformation (IACM), cochlear nerve malformation (CNM), cochlear malformation (CM), and vestibular and semicircular canal malformation (VSCM) tended to coexist, exhibiting significant co-occurrence patterns. Severity analysis revealed a positive correlation between the severity of IACM and CNM (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .13,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .015), as well as between CM and VSCM (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .17,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Additionally, VAM severity was significantly negatively correlated with the severity of IACM, CNM, CM, and VSCM (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = \u2212.39, \u2212.21, \u2212.38, and \u2212.30, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study elucidated a detailed analysis of the subtype characteristics and comorbid relationships of IEMs in pediatric candidates for CI. Furthermore, it identified significant correlations between the severity levels of different malformation types. These insights contribute to refining preoperative evaluation protocols and tailoring treatment strategies for CI candidates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613251342846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T03:58:01Z","timestamp":1748059081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cohort Characteristics of Pediatric Candidates for Cochlear Implantation With Inner Ear Malformations: A Multicenter Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Hejie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Institute of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Deafness and Vertigo, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Institute of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Deafness and Vertigo, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Institute of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Deafness and Vertigo, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Institute of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Deafness and Vertigo, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Institute of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Deafness and Vertigo, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3709-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shimin","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Institute of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Deafness and Vertigo, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1776-5435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongjun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Institute of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"},{"name":"Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Deafness and Vertigo, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"40","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Congenital malformations of the inner ear : a classification based on embryogenesis","volume":"97","author":"Jackler RK","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jackler RK, Luxford WM, House WF. 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