{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:36:09Z","timestamp":1777563369479,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010101","name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCVGH-1117310C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCVGH-1117310C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010101","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Theophylline has been theorized to promote neural olfactory signaling and sensory axonal regeneration. In this study, our objective was to investigate the effect of oral theophylline on the treatment of traumatic anosmia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled patients who had complained of traumatic complete anosmia. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups. In the theophylline group, oral theophylline (400\u2009mg bid) was prescribed for 6\u2009months and patients also underwent olfactory training (OT). In the OT group, patients performed OT only for 6\u2009months. The bilateral and unilateral olfactory function was evaluated using the phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) odor detection threshold test and the traditional Chinese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-TC), before and after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 41 patients in the theophylline group and 41 in the OT group completed the study. Before treatment, the PEA threshold for all patients was \u22121. After 6\u2009months of treatment, the unilateral right PEA threshold improved significantly in patients taking theophylline for 6\u2009months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.018), but did not change significantly in patients who only performed OT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.317), and was significantly better in patients taking theophylline for 6\u2009months than in those who only performed OT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.027). However, UPSIT-TC scores did not improve significantly in either the theophylline or OT group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The combination therapy of oral theophylline with OT could have a better effect on traumatic anosmia than OT alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613251397875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T06:10:33Z","timestamp":1763791833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Oral Theophylline on Traumatic Anosmia: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Yi-Fang","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8280-6029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong-San","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs\u2019 Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taiwan"},{"name":"Departments of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan"},{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05823-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200012000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.3.265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.177.343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(01)00118-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"202","article-title":"Effect of zinc sulfate on sensorineural olfactory disorder","volume":"538","author":"Aiba T","year":"1998","unstructured":"Aiba T, Sugiura M, Mori J, et al. 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