{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T08:16:02Z","timestamp":1782029762878,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ear Nose Throat J"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and risk factors of otomycosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case-control study included 160 patients with otomycosis as the case group and 320 healthy individuals as the control group. Clinical data were collected through a standardized questionnaire, including habitual ear picking, ear cleaning at salons, swimming habits, use of earphones\/hearing aids, external auditory canal stenosis, and presence of diabetes. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most common symptom was ear fullness\/blockage (28.3%). Otoscopic examination before debridement most frequently revealed external auditory canal secretions (45.2%).\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were the predominant pathogens, accounting for 80.0% of cases. Binary multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the following as significant risk factors for otomycosis: habitual ear picking (OR\u2009=\u20092.748, 95% CI: 1.669-4.525,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), ear cleaning at salons (OR\u2009=\u20097.434, 95% CI: 3.023-18.281,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and external auditory canal stenosis (OR\u2009=\u20093.737, 95% CI: 2.384-5.857,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Swimming habits, frequent use of earphones\/hearing aids, and diabetes were not significantly associated with otomycosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frequent ear picking, ear cleaning at salons, and external auditory canal stenosis are major risk factors for otomycosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/01455613251413977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T10:10:44Z","timestamp":1768817444000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Otomycosis: A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunsheng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0200-408X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital (Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Fujian), Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8169-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital (Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Fujian), Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9060662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131209100308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8030315"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"367","article-title":"Disorders of the external auditory canal","volume":"8","author":"Roland PS","year":"1997","unstructured":"Roland PS, Marple BF. Disorders of the external auditory canal. J Am Acad Audiol. 1997;8(6):367-378.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215108003307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1407-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1808-8694(15)30653-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/636493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002221503321046621"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-021-00537-1"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"804","article-title":"Otomycosis","volume":"67","author":"Stern JC","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stern JC, Lucente FE. Otomycosis. 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