{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:07:34Z","timestamp":1787753254823,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,23]],"date-time":"2010-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1269302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate how social support and race\/ethnicity were associated with diabetes self-care behaviors and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Using the cross-sectional 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the authors examined white, black, and Latino respondents who self-reported a diabetes diagnosis (n = 450), estimating the associations of social support on diabetes outcomes. The primary exposure was a social support index (0-5), which assessed the number of sources of support in one\u2019s life. Outcomes were self-care behaviors (controlling weight, exercising, controlling fat\/caloric intake, checking feet, and self-monitoring blood glucose) and intermediate clinical outcomes (hemoglobin A1C, diastolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein [LDL]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>There were no differences in social support by race\/ethnicity. The authors observed several significant race\/ethnicity by social support interactions in adjusted models, controlling for age, gender, education, self-reported health, depression, functional disability, insurance status, and insulin use. Among blacks, social support was associated with controlling weight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, P = .03), exercising (OR = 1.38, P = .03), controlling fat\/ calories (OR = 1.84, P = .03), and lower diastolic blood pressure (\u03b2 = -3.07, P = .02). Among whites, social support was associated with lower LDL (\u03b2 = -9.45, P = .01). No significant effects were noted for Latinos.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The relationship of social support with diabetes management differed by race\/ethnicity, with the strongest findings among blacks. Social support may be influential for maintaining self-care behaviors among blacks and controlling lipid levels among whites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721710364419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,23]],"date-time":"2010-03-23T21:59:00Z","timestamp":1269381540000},"page":"435-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Race\/Ethnicity, Social Support, and Associations With Diabetes Self-Care and Clinical Outcomes in NHANES"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Courtney A.","family":"Rees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Washington, Department of Health\rServices, Seattle, WA, crees@u.washington.edu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Karter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research,\rOakland, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bessie A.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System,\rSeattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.066084"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berkman L., Glass T. 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