{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:05:32Z","timestamp":1777910732209,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To describe the benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) systems compared with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy; to assess the benefits of sensor-augmented pump therapy (SAPT) in patients with type 1 diabetes; and to present an evidence-based practical protocol for introducing SAPT in patients with no prior pump or CGM experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Continuous glucose monitoring and CSII have advantages over SMBG and MDI, respectively, in terms of A1C and hypoglycemia reduction. The Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy for A1C Reduction (STAR) 3 trial demonstrated that initiating both CGM and CSII in selected adult and pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes unable to meet glycemic goals with intensive insulin injection therapy significantly improved glucose control. In all subjects using SAPT, A1C levels fell rapidly from baseline to 3 months and remained significantly lower than among subjects in the SMBG+MDI group for 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A distinguishing feature of the STAR 3 study was its stepwise protocol for systematizing education and self-management support using Web-based training modules and therapy management software. The demonstrated strengths of this education protocol recommend it as a model for implementing SAPT in the broader population of patients with type 1 diabetes who have not achieved their glycemic goals with optimized MDI therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721710391107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]],"date-time":"2011-01-07T22:42:30Z","timestamp":1294440150000},"page":"5S-18S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Crossing the Technology Divide"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,\rMD, rrubin4@jhmi.edu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Borgman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Diabetes Center at Nicollet, Minneapolis,\rMN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Becky T.","family":"Sulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Diabetes and Osteoporosis Center"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2010.0068"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2008.0016"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721710362798"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-S011"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2008.0104"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.6.1902"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02486.x"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1006098"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805017"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0846"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0889"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2008.0002"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2008.0135"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2010.0022"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2008.0068"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2009.0145"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1002853"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-1046"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2010.0002"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721709333493"}],"container-title":["The Diabetes Educator"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0145721710391107","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0145721710391107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T15:04:55Z","timestamp":1777647895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0145721710391107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0145721710391107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145721710391107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-7217","1554-6063"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-7217","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-6063","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}}}