{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T22:44:41Z","timestamp":1789944281794,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pers Soc Psychol Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In two studies, the authors examined the circumstances under which discrimination has an identity confirmation function or an instrumental function (instigating collective action). In Study 1, participants (N = 601) described a situation in which they had discriminated and then completed measures of functionality, group identification, and group threat. Both functions were predicted by group identification, whereas the instrumental function (but not identity confirmation) operated under group threat. In Study 2, \u201cdie-hard\u201d soccer fans (N = 1,546) suggested soccer chants in reaction to either a group-reinforcing (own team scores) or group-threatening (other team scores) situation and rated the perceived functionality of the song. Although both of these conditions evoked discriminating songs, as predicted, these served a more identity-confirming function in the reinforcing situation but a more instrumental function (pepping up the team) in the threat situation. Results are discussed in terms of a contextual-functional model of intergroup discrimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167203029005002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,12]],"date-time":"2003-06-12T20:17:59Z","timestamp":1055449079000},"page":"568-577","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Two Functions of Verbal Intergroup Discrimination: Identity and Instrumental Motives as a Result of Group Identification and Threat"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Daan","family":"Scheepers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Spears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertjan","family":"Doosje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony S. R.","family":"Manstead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"Aiken, L. S. & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage."},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.106.1.59"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Blascovich, J., Mendes, W. B., Hunter, S. & Lickel, B. (2000). Stigma, threat, and social interactions. In T. F. Heatherton, R. E. Kleck, & E. Robert (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 307-333). New York: Guilford."},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Branscombe, N. R., Ellemers, N., Spears, R. & Doosje, B. (1999). The context and content of social identity threats. In N. Ellemers, R. Spears, & B. Doosje (Eds.), Social identity: Context, commitment, content (pp. 35-58). 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