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Cross-sectional and longitudinal structural equation model (SEM) analyses revealed that general distress and disaster-focused distress are discernable reactions following a collective loss. Both types of distress were higher among women and by those reporting social strain. General distress was associated with previous stressful events and mental health issues. Perceived similarity to the victims predicted disaster-focused distress and mediated the relationship between attending to media accounts of victims and disaster-focused distress. Only the disaster-focused distress reactions of survivor guilt and grief were associated with collective helping behaviors after the attacks and, for women, these behaviors were associated with greater reductions in these distress reactions over time. Discussion focuses on the importance of examining disaster-focused distress reactions following collective loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167203261892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,27]],"date-time":"2004-05-27T11:08:31Z","timestamp":1085656111000},"page":"515-528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["It Could Have Been Me: Vicarious Victims and Disaster-Focused Distress"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Heidi A.","family":"Wayment","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Arizona University,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.65.4.289.20240"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli0202_1"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Bentler, P. 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R., Zisook, S. & DeVaul, R. (1987). The Texas revised inventory of grief. In S. Zisook & D. Spiegel (Eds.), Biopsychosocial aspects of bereavement (pp. 11-123). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press ."},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675400700202"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Freud, S. (Ed.). (1917). Mourning and melancholia. In Collected papers (Vol. 4). London: Hogarth ."},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa013404"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1986.4.2.189"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197905000-00004"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Kemeny, M. E. & Dean, L. (1995). Effects of AIDS-related bereavement of HIV progression among gay men in New York City . AIDS Education and Prevention, 7, 36-47 ."},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490020106"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Kline, R. 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