{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:21:05Z","timestamp":1791120065201,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pers Soc Psychol Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An observational, cross-cultural study and an experimental study assessed behaviors indicative of a moral code that condones, and even values, hostility toward outgroups. The cross-cultural study, which used data from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (Murdock &amp; White, 1969), found that for preindustrial societies, as loyalty to the ingroup increased the tendency to value outgroup violence more than ingroup violence increased, as did the tendencies to engage in more external than internal warfare, and enjoy war. The experimental study found that relative to guilt-prone group members who were instructed to remain objective, guilt-prone group members who were instructed to be empathic with their ingroup were more competitive in an intergroup interaction. The findings from these studies suggest that group morality is associated with intergroup conflict.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167206291673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,9]],"date-time":"2006-10-09T17:36:05Z","timestamp":1160415365000},"page":"1559-1572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Group Morality and Intergroup Relations: Cross-Cultural and Experimental Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Taya R.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Matthew","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chester A.","family":"Insko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Social psychology","author":"Allport, F.","year":"1924"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042534"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"The evolution of cooperation","author":"Axelrod, R.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.71.2.364"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.26"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167203254600"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0992(199911)29:7<909::AID-EJSP965>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"The Lucifer principle: A scientific expedition into the forces of history","author":"Bloom, H.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00126"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Prejudice: Its social psychology","author":"Brown, R.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Nebraska symposium on motivation","author":"Campbell, D. T.","year":"1965"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/323821"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046408"},{"issue":"10","key":"atypb14","first-page":"20","volume":"35","author":"Dingfelder, S. F.","year":"2004","journal-title":"APA Monitor"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.1.80"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002794038004002"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106939717501000402"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.2.347"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167289153007"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.2.365"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.1.68"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167285111004"},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"Interpersonal relations: A theory of interdependence","author":"Kelley, H. H.","year":"1978"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930143000662"},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"531","volume-title":"Moral development and behavior: Theory, research, and social issues","author":"Kohlberg, L.","year":"1976"},{"key":"atypb26","first-page":"13","volume":"9","author":"Lang, H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"World Cultures"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"The crowd: A study of the popular mind","author":"Le Bon, G.","year":"1896"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"Ethnocentrism, theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes, and group behavior","author":"LeVine, R.","year":"1972"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.83"},{"key":"atypb30","first-page":"1","volume":"29","author":"McGuire, P. A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"APA Monitor"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2003.11.002"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.3.324"},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"Ethnographic atlas","author":"Murdock, G. P.","year":"1967"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3772907"},{"key":"atypb35","volume-title":"The nature and destiny of man","author":"Niebuhr, R.","year":"1941"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.71.5.953"},{"key":"atypb37","volume-title":"Reduction of interindividual-intergroup discontinuity: The role of leader accountability and guilt proneness","author":"Pinter, B.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb38","volume-title":"The origins of virtue: Human instincts and the evolution of cooperation","author":"Ridley, M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3773578"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9783\/9780812206791"},{"key":"atypb41","volume-title":"Groups in harmony and tension","author":"Sherif, M.","year":"1953"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.83.1.138"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/270723"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00144"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.56.3.364"},{"key":"atypb46","first-page":"149","volume":"1","author":"Tajfel, H.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"atypb47","first-page":"33","volume-title":"The social psychology of intergroup relations","author":"Tajfel, H.","year":"1979"},{"key":"atypb48","first-page":"384","volume-title":"Handbook of self and identity","author":"Tangney, J. P.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb49","volume-title":"The Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA)","author":"Tangney, J. P.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb50","volume-title":"The social psychology of groups","author":"Thibaut, J. W.","year":"1959"},{"key":"atypb51","volume-title":"Procedural justice: A psychological analysis","author":"Thibaut, J.","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb52","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Psychology of group influence","author":"Turner, J. C.","year":"1989","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002704272040"},{"key":"atypb54","unstructured":"Wheeler, V. (l974).\n                      Drums and guns: A cross-cultural study of the nature of war\n                      . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon."},{"key":"atypb55","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Bridging social psychology","author":"Wildschut, T.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.82.6.975"},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.698"}],"container-title":["Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0146167206291673","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0146167206291673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T15:43:56Z","timestamp":1777650236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0146167206291673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0146167206291673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146167206291673","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-1672","1552-7433"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-1672","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-7433","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}}}