{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:10:48Z","timestamp":1777911048319,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPUS Grant (#2017\/25\/B\/HS6\/00561)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS Grant (#2017\/25\/B\/HS6\/00561)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["Scholarship for years 2018\u20132020 (#626\/STYP\/12\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scholarship for years 2018\u20132020 (#626\/STYP\/12\/20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pers Soc Psychol Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Olfactory deficits can play a detrimental role in everyday social functioning. Perception of 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid (HMHA)\u2014a body odor component\u2014could also be linked to this research area. However, no study so far has addressed the problem of HMHA perception in the context of the previously reported relationship between olfactory abilities and social difficulties. Here, we tested whether HMHA-specific anosmia predicted loneliness understood both as a cognitive evaluation of social participation and as one\u2019s social isolation, and we additionally analyzed the effects and correlates of HMHA perception in relation to sightedness. The study comprised 196 people, of whom 99 were blind. We found that subjects with blindness declared particularly high loneliness, but HMHA anosmia and the interaction of sightedness and HMHA anosmia predicted neither loneliness nor social withdrawal. In addition, HMHA pleasantness was positively associated with social withdrawal of the subjects with blindness and emotional loneliness correlated with HMHA familiarity regardless of sightedness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672211034376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T07:28:33Z","timestamp":1627543713000},"page":"1167-1176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Blindness, But Not HMHA Anosmia, Predicts Loneliness: A Psychophysical Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3999-8851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Sorokowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, 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