{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T16:11:12Z","timestamp":1777911072145,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pers Soc Psychol Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cultural change is theorized to generate intergroup hostility. Three experiments apply the Cultural Inertia Model to test the effects of change on intergroup relations. Two predictions of cultural inertia were tested: (a) cultures at rest tend to stay at rest and (b) individual difference variables function as psychological anchors. In static societies, perceived change leads to greater threat (Experiment 1), endorsement of anti-immigration legislation (Experiment 1), and collective angst (Experiments 1 and 2). Perceptions of change in static societies lead to more fear-related emotional reactions (Experiment 3). Framing cultural change as continuous rather than abrupt may be a solution for reducing negative reactions caused by cultural change (Experiments 2 and 3). Individual difference factors function as anchors that cement individuals in a state of uniformity (Experiment 2). The findings demonstrate that social interactions rely on perceptions toward change and individual difference factors that anchor one\u2019s willingness to accept change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672221076209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T04:34:21Z","timestamp":1645418061000},"page":"659-672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cultural Inertia: Framework of Change and Intergroup Relations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2316-3895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel","family":"Armenta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at El Paso, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam J.","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at El Paso, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Hitlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7917-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Federico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Z\u00e1rate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at El Paso, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327582ijpr0202_5"},{"key":"bibr2-01461672221076209","volume-title":"Crossroads: The psychology of immigration in the new century","author":"American Psychological Association, Presidential Task Force on Immigration","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr3-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0000214-002"},{"key":"bibr4-01461672221076209","unstructured":"Ax J. (2021, August 12). New U.S. census data shows White population shrank for first time. Reuters. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/us-release-census-data-used-legislative-redistricting-2021-08-12\/"},{"key":"bibr5-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430219839763"},{"key":"bibr6-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr7-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.5.770"},{"key":"bibr8-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614527113"},{"key":"bibr9-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550614546355"},{"key":"bibr10-01461672221076209","unstructured":"Falk M. (2019, August 6). Tension and anxiety in border cities after Trump threatens closure. NPR. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/04\/06\/710577331\/tension-and-anxiety-in-border-cities-after-trump-threatens-closure"},{"key":"bibr11-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036056"},{"key":"bibr12-01461672221076209","unstructured":"Hayes A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling. https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/PROCESS-%3A-A-Versatile-Computational-Tool-for-%2C-%2C-1-Hayes\/aa753b543c78d6c4f344fb431c6683edaa062c07"},{"key":"bibr13-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.70.2.295"},{"key":"bibr14-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(67)90010-4"},{"key":"bibr15-01461672221076209","unstructured":"Krogstad J. M. (2020, July 10). Where the U.S. Hispanics have accounted for more than half of total U.S. population growth since 2010. Pew Research Center. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2020\/07\/10\/hispanics-have-accounted-for-more-than-half-of-total-u-s-population-growth-since-2010\/"},{"key":"bibr16-01461672221076209","unstructured":"Lopez M. H., Gonzalez-Barrera A., Krogstand J. M. (2018, October 25). Latinos have become more pessimistic about their place in America. Pew Research Center. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/hispanic\/2018\/10\/25\/latinos-have-become-more-pessimistic-about-their-place-in-america\/"},{"key":"bibr17-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167292183006"},{"key":"bibr18-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.79.4.602"},{"key":"bibr19-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167210386118"},{"key":"bibr20-01461672221076209","unstructured":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2015, May 5). Newton\u2019s laws of motion. https:\/\/www.grc.nasa.gov\/WWW\/K-12\/airplane\/newton.html"},{"key":"bibr21-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167211418531"},{"key":"bibr22-01461672221076209","unstructured":"Pew Research Center. (2014). Political ideology among adults in the Midwest. https:\/\/www.pewforum.org\/religious-landscape-study\/region\/midwest\/political-ideology\/#views-about-human-evolution-trend"},{"key":"bibr23-01461672221076209","unstructured":"Piperato S. (2014, July 18). The 17 most dynamic American cities. National Real Estate Investor. https:\/\/www.nreionline.com\/research-data\/17-most-dynamic-american-cities"},{"key":"bibr24-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-9335\/a000125"},{"key":"bibr25-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr1004_4"},{"key":"bibr26-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167204263968"},{"key":"bibr27-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijintrel.2015.07.001"},{"key":"bibr28-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12097"},{"key":"bibr29-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-088579-7.50017-X"},{"key":"bibr30-01461672221076209","unstructured":"University of California, Los Angeles. (2021). Latino voters were decisive in 2020 presidential election. University of California, Los Angeles Newsroom. https:\/\/newsroom.ucla.edu\/releases\/latino-vote-analysis-2020-presidential-election"},{"key":"bibr31-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167210372505"},{"key":"bibr32-01461672221076209","unstructured":"Yiu-Fai Y., Lamm M., Zhang W. (2018). Causal mediation analysis with CAUSALMED procedure. SAS Institute. https:\/\/www.sas.com\/content\/dam\/SAS\/support\/en\/sas-global-forum-proceedings\/2018\/1991-2018.pdf"},{"key":"bibr33-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1031(03)00067-2"},{"key":"bibr34-01461672221076209","first-page":"176","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology","author":"Z\u00e1rate M. A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr35-01461672221076209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2011.12.014"}],"container-title":["Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01461672221076209","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01461672221076209","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01461672221076209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T15:14:27Z","timestamp":1777648467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01461672221076209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01461672221076209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01461672221076209","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-1672","1552-7433"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-1672","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-7433","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]}}}