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This research investigated facial expression elements associated with this response to cuteness and assessed the recognizability of an expression combining these elements. In Studies 1 and 2, participants at a community outreach event (Study 1,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 19) and undergraduate students (Study 2,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 103) showed spontaneous facial displays while watching videos\/photos of baby humans and animals. These were Facial Action Coding System (FACS)-coded, revealing characteristic and statistically distinctive action unit elements of facial expression responses to cuteness. In six follow-up online studies (combined\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 962), including replications with Syrian refugees (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 103) and Chinese samples (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 222), a \u201ccuteness prototype\u201d expression combining all elements identified across Studies 1 and 2 (i.e., oblique brows, chin raise, lip tightening, and Duchenne smile) was commonly interpreted as a response to cuteness. These findings add to a growing literature about caregiving-focused motivational states and associated emotion\/affect.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672241273253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T07:29:54Z","timestamp":1726558194000},"page":"247-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prototype Facial Response to Cute Stimuli: Expression and Recognition"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6571-836X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makenzie J.","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Mary\u2019s College of California, Moraga, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander F.","family":"Danvers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sierra Tucson, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing I.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle N.","family":"Shiota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ambadar Z. 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