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Addressing inconsistent, primarily self-report evidence for ambivalent sexism theory principles, we test the actor and partner effects of sexist attitudes on behaviors exhibited within heterosexual couples\u2019 interactions (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 855 dyadic interactions). Showing that men\u2019s hostile sexism likely incites resistance, men\u2019s hostile sexism predicted more hostile and less responsive behavior by men and their women partners. Providing new behavioral evidence that benevolent sexism may promote heterosexual cooperation, men\u2019s benevolent sexism predicted less hostile and more responsive behavior by men and their partners. Illustrating that benevolent sexism is also likely to have costs for women and men, women\u2019s benevolent sexism predicted more hostile behavior by women and their partners, particularly when men partners were low in benevolent or high in hostile sexism. We emphasize the importance of examining how sexist attitudes influence actor and partner behavior across different contexts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01461672251372669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T12:58:57Z","timestamp":1763989137000},"page":"3862-3885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resistance or Cooperation? Actor and Partner Effects of Hostile and Benevolent Sexism on Observed Behavior in Couples\u2019 Interactions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9703-4383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nickola C.","family":"Overall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0975-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Waddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4848-1088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eri","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myfanwy","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4916-4677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie T.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agadullina E. 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