{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:25:46Z","timestamp":1783599946989,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann ICRP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The 2007 Recommendations of ICRP set out a system of radiological protection that is scientifically based, prudent in its assumptions, and practicable in its application. The system is designed to be straightforward in its use around the world, enabling the control of doses and risks arising from differing exposure situations, but it is not directed at specific individual circumstances. Effective dose is a fundamental concept in the ICRP system. It is a measure of dose that relates to risks of stochastic health effects in the context of a globally averaged population but is often applied, without sufficient thought, to particular exposures experienced by particular individuals. However, using the methodology used to derive risk coefficients for the\n                    <jats:xref ref-type=\"bibr\">ICRP 2007<\/jats:xref>\n                    Recommendations, an effective dose can be associated with a risk estimate that results from appropriate adjustments for sex, age-at-exposure, and (broadly speaking) population group. This process is illustrated by considering the risks associated with effective doses for a range of medical diagnostic procedures. In comparison with the aggregated detriment to health set out in the 2007 Recommendations for a population of all ages, enhancement factors of 2\u20133 are appropriate for exposure of a young boy and of 3\u20134 for a young girl. The aggregated detriment applies without enhancement to men aged in their mid-20s and women in their mid-30s but steadily reduces for increasing age-at-exposure, reaching a factor of 0.5 for men in their early-50s and women in their early-60s, and so on. It is debatable whether anything beyond such broad-brush adjustments of stochastic risk per effective dose is required for routine protection purposes, but this remains a central question for ICRP as the evolution of the system is considered. It is a question that will be explored by ICRP Task Group 128.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01466453251411996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:51:48Z","timestamp":1783349508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Doses and risks in common medical examinations\u2014impact of age and sex"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Wakeford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.D.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Brookes University"},{"name":"Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2023.2295289"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/abe548"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/acbda7"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","article-title":"The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103","volume":"37","author":"ICRP","year":"2007","unstructured":"ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP 37(2-4).","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","article-title":"Adult mesh-type reference computational phantoms. ICRP Publication 145","volume":"49","author":"ICRP","unstructured":"ICRP, 2020a. Adult mesh-type reference computational phantoms. ICRP Publication 145. Ann. ICRP 49(3).","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","article-title":"Paediatric reference computational phantoms. ICRP Publication 143. Ann","volume":"49","author":"ICRP","unstructured":"ICRP, 2020b. Paediatric reference computational phantoms. ICRP Publication 143. Ann. ICRP 49(1).","journal-title":"ICRP"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","article-title":"Use of dose quantities in radiological protection. ICRP Publication 147","volume":"50","author":"ICRP","year":"2021","unstructured":"ICRP, 2021. Use of dose quantities in radiological protection. ICRP Publication 147. Ann. ICRP 50(1).","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","article-title":"Radiation detriment calculation methodology. ICRP Publication 152","volume":"51","author":"ICRP","year":"2022","unstructured":"ICRP, 2022. Radiation detriment calculation methodology. ICRP Publication 152. Ann. ICRP 51(3).","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"}],"container-title":["Annals of the ICRP"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01466453251411996","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01466453251411996","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01466453251411996","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:47:06Z","timestamp":1783597626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01466453251411996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"references-count":8,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01466453251411996"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01466453251411996","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6453","1872-969X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6453","type":"print"},{"value":"1872-969X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"article-number":"01466453251411996"}}