{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T12:14:12Z","timestamp":1788092052445,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann ICRP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medical exposure for patients is part of the planned exposure situations. Unique aspects of radiological protection distinguish medical exposure for patients from public or occupational exposures. The ultimate goal of the process of medical uses of radiation is the delivery of quality healthcare to the patients, i.e. maximising the benefits for patients\u2019 care while taking under control radiation risks. The application of radiation protection principles is a key driver for the quality of medical procedures using radiation. In order to better understand the concepts of tolerability and reasonableness in relation to the principles of justification and optimisation in medicine, it is interesting to investigate the generic dimensions of quality in healthcare. Tolerability and reasonableness assume the presence of a radiation safety culture, including policies, processes, quality assurance, and training. Radiation safety culture needs to encompass all stakeholders who could affect the exposure of a patient, including the patient her\/himself. The development of a radiation safety culture requires an organisation that takes into account radiation protection and safety, good medical practice, and human factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01466453251412148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:03:55Z","timestamp":1787843035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ICRP TG 114, application of tolerability and reasonableness in the medical field"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"M.C.","family":"Cantone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Baechler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Office of Public Health, Bern 3003, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Loose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Nuremberg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","unstructured":"EU (2019) Defining Value in \u2018Value Based Health Care\u2019 Report of the Expert Panel on effective ways of investing in Health (EXPH). 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Prevention of high-dose-rate brachytherapy accidents. ICRP Publication 97. Ann. ICRP 35(2).","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","article-title":"The 2007 Recommendations of International Commission on Radiological Protection","volume":"37","author":"ICRP","unstructured":"ICRP, 2007a. The 2007 Recommendations of International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP 37(2-4).","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","article-title":"Radiological protection in medicine","volume":"37","author":"ICRP","unstructured":"ICRP, 2007b. Radiological protection in medicine. ICRP Publication 105. Ann. ICRP 37(6).","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","article-title":"Preventing accidental exposures from new external beam radiation therapy technologies","volume":"39","author":"ICRP","year":"2009","unstructured":"ICRP, 2009. Preventing accidental exposures from new external beam radiation therapy technologies. ICRP Publication 112. Ann. ICRP 39(4).","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","volume-title":"Handbook for National Quality Policy and Strategy: A Practical Approach for Developing Policy and Strategy to Improve Quality Of Care","author":"WHO","year":"2018","unstructured":"WHO (2018) Handbook for National Quality Policy and Strategy: A Practical Approach for Developing Policy and Strategy to Improve Quality Of Care. Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","volume-title":"Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021-2030: Towards Eliminating Avoidable Harm in Health Care","author":"WHO","year":"2021","unstructured":"WHO, 2021. Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021-2030: Towards Eliminating Avoidable Harm in Health Care. World Health Organization, Geneva. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240032705 (last accessed 2 September 2024)."}],"container-title":["Annals of the ICRP"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01466453251412148","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01466453251412148","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01466453251412148","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T11:49:36Z","timestamp":1788090576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01466453251412148"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01466453251412148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01466453251412148","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-6453","1872-969X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-6453","type":"print"},{"value":"1872-969X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"article-number":"01466453251412148"}}