{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:14:29Z","timestamp":1792084469541,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]],"date-time":"2000-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":962409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background :<\/jats:italic> Extrapyramidal syndrome and alterations in brain magnetic resonance images are described in patients undergoing long\u2010term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and in cholestatic patients. These abnormalities have been correlated to basal ganglia manganese (Mn) accumulation. Methods: A longitudinal 1\u2010year study was conducted on 15 patients undergoing HPN (median duration, 3.8 years; range, 1.7\u201310; median Mn parenteral supplementation, 0.1 mg\/d). Whole\u2010blood, plasma, intra\u2010erythrocytes, and urinary Mn concentrations were measured and brain magnetic resonance was performed at the beginning (time 0) and after 1 year of Mn intravenous supplementation withdrawal (time 1). No patients showed psychosis, extrapyramidal syndrome, or cholestasis. Results: At time zero, 10 of 15 patients (67%) showed paramagnetic accumulation on cerebral magnetic resonance images; at time 1 there was a reduction of cerebral Mn accumulation. In all patients, blood\u2010Mn levels were significantly reduced after 1 year of Mn intravenous supplementation withdrawal. Conclusions: Patients receiving long\u2010term HPN showed an elevated incidence of alterations in brain magnetic resonance images with a median Mn intravenous supplementation of 0.1 mg\/d. Mn supplementation withdrawal significantly decreased metal levels in blood and brain storage. We noticed that the intra\u2010erythrocyte Mn level was a good index of Mn status. <jats:italic>(Journal<\/jats:italic> of Parenteral <jats:italic>and Enteral<\/jats:italic> Nutrition 24:223\u2013227, 2000)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607100024004223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,14]],"date-time":"2008-05-14T19:51:26Z","timestamp":1210794686000},"page":"223-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Brain Manganese Deposition and Blood Levels in Patients Undergoing Home Parenteral Nutrition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Boggio Bertinet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Tinivella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Alessandro Balzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"de Francesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ottavio","family":"Davini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Massarenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Antonietta Leonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Balzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)31855-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4775-0_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Substances in Environmental Health VI","author":"Doisy EAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)31850-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/117.1.133","article-title":"Manganese balance and clinical observations in young men fed a manganese\u2010deficient diet","volume":"117","author":"Friedman BJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/118.6.764","article-title":"Metabolic balance in young men consuming diets containing five levels of dietary manganese","volume":"118","author":"Freeland\u2010Graves JH","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/36.3.450","article-title":"Manganese content of the cellular components of blood","volume":"36","author":"Milne DB","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290450049024","article-title":"Guidelines for essential trace element preparations for parenteral use. 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