{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T03:55:57Z","timestamp":1778990157957,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background:<\/jats:italic> To determine the consequences of severe undernutrition and refeeding on whole\u2010body metabolism and protein synthesis. <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> Respiratory quotient (RQ), resting energy expenditure (REE), and whole\u2010body protein synthesis (WBPS) were assessed in undernourished patients, with anorexia nervosa (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8) or with coexistent disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 17). Results were compared with 17 healthy controls. Six anorexic patients and 13 disease patients consented to study after nutrition support. <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> Mean body mass index was 12.46 \u00b1 0.53 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in the anorexia patients and 13.81 \u00b1 0.40 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in the disease patients (controls 23.71 \u00b1 0.72 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). Compared with controls, RQ was similar in anorexia patients (0.85 \u00b1 0.05 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 0.90 \u00b1 0.05) but lower in the disease patients (0.76 \u00b1 0.03 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 0.90\u00b1 0.05; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .02). REE was lower in the patients (anorexia 1058\u00b1 134.0 kcal\/d, disease 1189 \u00b1 101.4 kcal\/d <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 1828\u00b1 89.76 kcal\/d; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001); however, expressed as kcal\/kg\/d, it was higher (anorexia 32.17 \u00b1 4.25, disease 31.30 \u00b1 2.14 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 25.07 \u00b1 1.00; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). WBPS was lower in the patients (anorexia 140.9 \u00b1 10.54 g\/d, disease 119.8 \u00b1 8.57 g\/d <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 305.0 \u00b1 21.64 g\/d; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001); however, when expressed as g\/kg\/d, the anorexia patients were similar to controls, whereas the disease patients were lower (3.11 \u00b1 0.24 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 4.27 \u00b1 0.32; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Refeeding increased RQ in the disease patients (0.84 \u00b1 0.03 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 0.76 \u00b1 0.03; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), and normalized REE (anorexia 27.65 \u00b1 3.05 kcal\/kg\/d, disease 28.90 \u00b1 1.85 kcal\/kg\/d). WBPS increased in the disease patients (173.6 \u00b1 16.38 g\/d <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 116.5 \u00b1 10.15 g\/d; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01). <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> Undernutrition is associated with increased REE (kcal\/kg\/d). Reduction in RQ and protein synthesis (g\/kg\/d) was evident in those patients with coexistent disease. Refeeding resulted in normalization of RQ, REE (kcal\/kg\/d), and protein synthesis (g\/kg\/d).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607105029004221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,14]],"date-time":"2008-05-14T19:51:26Z","timestamp":1210794686000},"page":"221-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Effect of Severe Undernutrition and Subsequent Refeeding on Whole\u2010Body Metabolism and Protein Synthesis in Human Subjects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"T. A.","family":"Winter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"O'Keefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Callanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5749\/j.ctv9b2tqv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown before and after recovery from protein\u2010energy malnutrition","volume":"53","author":"Golden MH","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Sci Mol Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111268"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(95)90001-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"644","article-title":"[Metabolic adaptation to malnutrition]","volume":"151","author":"Carbonnel F","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Med Interne (Paris)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19680044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0810419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0860441"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Basal metabolic rate of Indian men: no evidence of metabolic adaptation to a low plane of nutrition","volume":"41","author":"McNeill G","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hum Nutr Clin Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.5.1086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"A simplified approach of assessing adult chronic energy deficiency","volume":"46","author":"Ferro\u2010Luzzi A","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50044a055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(81)90034-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0530277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014860719101500165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665199001299"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"The chemical composition of the human body","volume":"10","author":"Widdowson EM","year":"1951","journal-title":"Clin Sci Lond."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-9318-1_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1995.268.1.E174"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0248-8663(96)83088-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"443","article-title":"Adaptive changes in basal metabolic rate and lean body mass in chronic undernutrition","volume":"38","author":"Shetty PS","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hum Nutr Clin Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/53.4.826","article-title":"Energy\u2010metabolism adaptation in obese adults on a very\u2010low\u2010calorie diet","volume":"53","author":"Fricker J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90720-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Energy Metabolism: Newer Methods of Nutritional Biochemistry.","author":"Passmore R","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Tissue Determinants and Cellular Corollaries.","author":"Elia M","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(73)90071-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1958.12.2.230"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"793","article-title":"Energy expenditure economy induced by decrease in lean body mass in anorexia nervosa","volume":"43","author":"Melchior JC","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.5.666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19920022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19920118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.5.1517"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198108000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/41.5.1061"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.5.460"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.5.675"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0148607105029004221","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0148607105029004221","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0148607105029004221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T13:47:24Z","timestamp":1760881644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0148607105029004221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0148607105029004221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0148607105029004221","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-6071","1941-2444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-6071","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-2444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}}}