{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:48:47Z","timestamp":1788482927356,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014\u201301\u20131\u20130151, C. Van Way"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014\u201301\u20131\u20130151, C. Van Way"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00000981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00000981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background:<\/jats:italic> Inflammatory factors play an important role in cellular damage after shock and resuscitation. Crocetin, a saffron\u2010derived carotenoid, has been shown to improve postshock recovery of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and to increase overall survival in an experimental model of hemorrhagic shock. The hypothesis of the present study is that treatment with crocetin at the beginning of resuscitation suppresses subsequent expression of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for tumor necrosis factor (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin\u20101 (IL\u20101\u03b2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> Male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats (n = 45, 350 \u00b1 30 g) were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 9 animals each. After anesthesia with isoflurane, the femoral artery and vein were surgically cannulated. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood through the arterial cannula until the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 25\u201330 mm Hg and maintained at the level for 30 minutes with further withdrawals. Resuscitation was carried out by giving 21 mL\/kg Ringer's lactate (LR) and returning the shed blood, with or without the initial administration of crocetin (2 mg\/kg). Controls were normal (anesthesia only), sham (surgical preparation), and shock (preparation and shock). Rats were killed 30 minutes after completion of resuscitation. Liver samples were collected for reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) analysis of mRNA (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, iNOS, and \u03b2\u2010actin). <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> Liver mRNA expression for TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and iNOS was found in more animals in the shock and shock\u2010plus\u2010resuscitation groups than in the sham control group. The group resuscitated from shock with crocetin had mRNA expression for TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and iNOS in fewer animals than either of the other shock groups and was no different from the sham control group. <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> Crocetin modified the hepatic mRNA expression of cytokines and iNOS in a shock model. This agent continues to show promise as a potential treatment for hemorrhagic shock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607106030004297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,14]],"date-time":"2008-05-14T19:51:26Z","timestamp":1210794686000},"page":"297-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Crocetin Inhibits mRNA Expression for Tumor Necrosis Factor\u2010\u03b1, Interleukin\u20101\u03b2, and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Hemorrhagic Shock"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Rongjie","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilofer","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Charles W.","family":"Van Way","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00278.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200302000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of crocetin on hemorrhagic shock in rats","volume":"41","author":"Gainer JL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circ Shock."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200006000-00047"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"S169","article-title":"Cellular energetics in hemorrhagic shock: restoring adenosine triphosphate to the cells","volume":"54","author":"Van Way CW","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"518","article-title":"Hemorrhagic shock: a new look at an old problem","volume":"100","author":"Van Way CW","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9572(93)90122-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200302000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000135354.72494.8D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1491"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01326"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc1514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200201000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.6.917"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"555","article-title":"A novel, potent and selective inhibitor of the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (GW274150) reduces the organ injury in hemorrhagic shock","volume":"53","author":"McDonald MC","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200202000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"766","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase in the liver: regulation and function","volume":"63","author":"Taylor BS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00447.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"HosseinzadehH YounesiHM.Antinociceptive and anti\u2010inflammatory effects ofCrocus sativusL. stigma and petal extracts in mice [BMC Pharmacology Web site]. 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