{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:37:09Z","timestamp":1760888229606,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background:<\/jats:italic> Lack of enteral nutrition reduces gut\u2010associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) mass and function, a mechanism underlying the increased morbidity of infectious complications in severely injured or critically ill patients. Strategies to restore parenteral nutrition (PN)\u2013induced changes of GALT mass and function have been pursued. However, the influences of adding fish oil to PN on gut immunity remain to be clarified. <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (n = 50) were randomized to 4 groups: <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic> chow (chow), fat free PN (fat (\u2013)\u2010PN), PN + fish oil (FO\u2010PN), and PN + safflower oil (SO\u2010PN). The PN groups were given isocaloric and isonitrogenous PN solutions. The FO\u2010 and SO\u2010PN groups received 20% of total calories from fat emulsions. After 5 days of feeding, lymphocytes from Peyer's patches (PPs), the intraepithelial space (IE), and the lamina propria (LP) of the entire small intestine were isolated. GALT lymphocyte numbers and phenotypes (CD4+, CD8+, \u03b1\u03b2TCR+,\u03b3\u03b4 TCR+, B220+ cells) were determined. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels of small intestinal washings were also measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Another set of mice (n = 24) was used to determine plasma fatty acid compositions after feeding. <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> Lymphocyte numbers from PPs and the LP and intestinal IgA levels were significantly lower in the PN groups than in the chow group, with no significant differences between any 2 PN groups. The FO\u2010 and SO\u2010PN groups showed moderate recovery of IE cell numbers compared with the fat (\u2013)\u2010PN group. \u03a9\u20103 and \u03c9\u20106 fatty acid levels were increased with fish and safflower oil additions, respectively, compared with the fat (\u2013)\u2010PN group. <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> Adding fish oil to PN does not exacerbate PN\u2010induced GALT changes but rather partially reverses these changes, with increased plasma \u03c9\u20103 fatty acid levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607107031005416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,14]],"date-time":"2008-05-14T19:51:26Z","timestamp":1210794686000},"page":"416-422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Influence of Adding Fish Oil to Parenteral Nutrition on Gut\u2010Associated Lymphoid Tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Maeshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Fukatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Moriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumie","family":"Ikezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chikara","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daizoh","family":"Saitoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014860710102500209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607105029004236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001466"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.8.944"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"S61","article-title":"Consensus recommendations from the US Summit on Immune\u2010Enhancing Enteral Therapy","volume":"25","year":"2001","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/clnu.1999.0072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.1.343S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000206309.83570.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607197021005296"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2005.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v9.i6.1323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-999-0441-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1997.d01-2308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.54.6.599"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.1.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607183007006582"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(85)80144-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199507000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)64849-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60235a044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)84856-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199606000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(99)80012-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199902000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SLA.0000059991.89316.B8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(92)90275-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4804(03)00160-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1941-2444.2005.tb04846.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199905000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.02028.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.7.3980"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(02)00821-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0148607107031005416","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0148607107031005416","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0148607107031005416","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T09:25:20Z","timestamp":1760865920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0148607107031005416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0148607107031005416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0148607107031005416","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-6071","1941-2444"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-6071"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1941-2444"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}