{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:04:44Z","timestamp":1761743084626,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background:<\/jats:italic> Protein\u2010energy malnutrition encompasses a group of conditions resulting from a lack of both protein and calories. It affects immune function and the gastrointestinal tract. Animal model studies of the effect of malnutrition during pregnancy and lactation have shown changes in the body weight of dams, with consequences for the pups. <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> Sixty healthy adult Wistar rats were mated for breeding. Pregnant dams (n = 19) were separated and randomly divided into 2 groups: normally nourished (NG; n = 10) and malnourished (MG; n = 9). The authors measured the average amount of feed eaten by the dams in the NG group in 24 hours and offered half this amount to the MG dams until delivery, after which both groups had an adequate amount of feed. Offspring were killed after birth and after lactation. Morphometric liver parameters were measured, and the tissue microarray method was performed manually to carry out histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of thymuses from the offspring. <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> Body weight, body length, and intestine length measured after birth were statistically lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) in the MG group offspring than in the NG group offspring but recovered after lactation. Histological comparison of pups' livers revealed minimal differences. However, morphometric evaluation showed significant differences. Slides exposed to antivimentin and anti\u2010CD45 RO stained positively in both groups, but the samples from the NG group were more heavily stained. <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> Malnutrition in dams causes alterations in the liver, thymus, and other internal organs of newborn offspring. Significant changes in thymuses were found using human monoclonal antibodies that cross\u2010react with rat proteins, a novel finding in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607108314387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,14]],"date-time":"2008-05-14T19:51:26Z","timestamp":1210794686000},"page":"184-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hepatic and Thymic Alterations in Newborn Offspring of Malnourished Rat Dams"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sandra L\u00facia","family":"Schuler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jocemara","family":"Gurmini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William Augusto Casteleins","family":"Cec\u00edlio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina Luise Viola","family":"de Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Olandoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia","family":"de Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Nutrition for Health and Development: Progress and Prospects on the Eve of the 21st Century","year":"1999","author":"World Health Organization","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"635","volume-title":"Pediatria B\u00e1sica","author":"Carraza FR","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2001.tb06956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/41.5.979","article-title":"Effects of varying degrees of chronic dietary restriction in rat dams on reproductive and lactational performance and body composition in dams and their pups","volume":"41","author":"Young CM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the growth of the black\u2010hooded rats: methods of measurement and rates of growth for skull, limbs, pelvis, nose\u2010rump and tail lengths","volume":"106","author":"Hughes PCR","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/his.2001.24.4.283"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/his.2003.26.2.101"},{"volume-title":"Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes\u20145th Report on the Nutrition Situation","year":"2004","author":"Standing Committee on Nutrition, United National System","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.052670"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.71.4.288"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"871","article-title":"Studies in fetal malnutrition","volume":"145","author":"Crosby WM","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Comit\u00ea de Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o. 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