{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T09:01:37Z","timestamp":1784710897365,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,4]],"date-time":"2011-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1299196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic> In children, vitamin B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> (pyridoxine) deficiency has been described as a cause of seizures that are refractory to conventional antiepileptic medications. We describe the clinical presentation of 3 adults with refractory seizures (later diagnosed with vitamin B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> deficiency) that resolved after pyridoxine treatment. <jats:italic>Design:<\/jats:italic> Case series. <jats:italic>Setting:<\/jats:italic> Tertiary care surgical intensive care unit. <jats:italic>Patients:<\/jats:italic> In the first case, a 54\u2010year\u2010old male with history of alcoholic cirrhosis developed new\u2010onset seizures refractory to phenytoin and levetiracetam 8 days after liver transplantation. In the second case, a 59\u2010year\u2010old male with hepatitis C infection developed intracranial hemorrhage and new\u2010onset seizures refractory to phenytoin, levetiracetam, and pentobarbital. The third patient is a 78\u2010year\u2010old male with a history of alcohol dependence who was admitted for an intraventricular bleed and developed new onset of refractory seizures. <jats:italic>Interventions:<\/jats:italic> Intravenous pyridoxine followed by oral pyridoxine. <jats:italic>Measurement and Main Results:<\/jats:italic> In all 3 cases, seizures persisted despite escalation of conventional antiepileptic medications but resolved within 2 days of pyridoxine supplementation. In each case, low serum pyridoxal 5\u2032\u2010phosphate concentrations normalized with pyroxidine administration. <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> Although refractory seizures caused by vitamin B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub> deficiency are rare in adults, it should be considered in critically ill adult patients with refractory seizures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607110384118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,5]],"date-time":"2011-03-05T08:05:38Z","timestamp":1299312338000},"page":"272-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Vitamin B<sub>6<\/sub> Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Anthony 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