{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:48:16Z","timestamp":1787737696212,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>: Use of donor human milk (DHM) is increasing, but criteria for its use are not well defined. <jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>: We conducted a 34\u2010question Internet\u2010based survey of medical directors of U.S. level 3 and level 4 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), with the goal of describing specifics of policies developed to guide DHM use in U.S. NICUs. Respondents reported NICU characteristics and details of policies concerning DHM use. Policy\u2010specified criteria for DHM use, if any, were described. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify NICU characteristics associated with DHM use. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Respondents returned 153 (33%) surveys, with use of DHM reported by 91 (59%). Donor human milk use was more likely with more than 100 annual admissions &lt;1500 g at birth (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1\u20134.7) and with Vermont\u2010Oxford Network participants (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.8\u201311.6). Among 72 NICUs reporting a written policy, criteria for providing DHM required birth weights varying from &lt;1000 to &lt;1800 g and\/or gestational ages from &lt;28 to &lt;34 completed weeks, but criteria were reportedly waived in many circumstances. Policies regarding duration of DHM therapy were similarly varied. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: Criteria for initiating and continuing DHM vary widely among U.S. level 3 and level 4 NICUs. Donor human milk use is more frequent in NICUs with many very low\u2010birth\u2010weight admissions and among Vermont\u2010Oxford Network participants. Further research is needed to define short\u2010 and long\u2010term outcomes and cost benefits of DHM use in subgroups of NICU patients, particularly for uses other than necrotizing enterocolitis prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114550832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]],"date-time":"2014-09-29T23:57:17Z","timestamp":1412035037000},"page":"326-333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Variability of Criteria for Pasteurized Donor Human Milk Use"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"James I.","family":"Hagadorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Brownell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary M.","family":"Lussier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret G. K.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor C.","family":"Herson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.The Surgeon General's call to action to support breastfeeding. Office of the Surgeon General.2011.http:\/\/www.surgeongeneral.gov\/library\/calls\/breastfeeding\/calltoactiontosupportbreastfeeding.pdf. 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Accessed March 10 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"The Vermont\u2010Oxford Network.https:\/\/www.vtoxford.org. Accessed July 4 2014."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.SE1.350","article-title":"The Vermont Oxford Network: evidence\u2010based quality improvement for neonatology","volume":"103","author":"Horbar J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau.Census regions and divisions of the United States.https:\/\/www.census.gov\/geo\/maps\u2010data\/maps\/pdfs\/reference\/us_regdiv.pdf. Accessed July 4 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics.Births: final data for 2012.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/birthwt.htm. 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