{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:09:32Z","timestamp":1777597772514,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>: Recent studies have suggested that pyruvate\u2010enriched oral rehydration solution (Pyr\u2010ORS) may be superior to the standard bicarbonate\u2010based ORS in the protection of intestine from ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Pyr\u2010ORS with citrate\u2010enriched ORS (Cit\u2010ORS) on the intestinal hypoxia\u2010inducible factor\u20101 (HIF\u20101)\u2013erythropoietin (EPO) signaling pathway for enteral rehydration in a rat model of burn injury. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (N = 20, 2 subgroups each: n = 10): scald sham (group SS), scald with no fluid resuscitation (group SN), scald and resuscitation with enteral Cit\u2010ORS (group SC), and scald and resuscitation with enteral Pyr\u2010ORS (group SP). At 2.5 and 4.5 hours after a 35% total body surface area (TBSA) scald, intestinal mucosal blood flow (IMBF), contents of HIF\u20101, EPO, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO), barrier protein (ZO\u20101), levels of serum diamine oxidase (DAO), and intestinal mucosal histology injury score were determined. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: Serum DAO activities in the scalded groups were significantly elevated, but less raised in group SP than in group SC, at 2.5 hours and at 4.5 hours after the scald. Further, group SP more profoundly preserved intestinal HIF\u20101 expression compared with group SC at the 2 time points. Compared with group SC, group SP had markedly elevated intestinal EPO, eNOS, and NO levels at the same time points, respectively (P &lt; .05). Similarly, IMBF and ZO\u20101 levels were significantly higher in group SP than in group SC. Intestinal mucosal histopathological scores were statistically higher at 2.5 hours and 4.5 hours after scalding but were more attenuated in group SP than in group SC (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Immunofluorescence expression of intestinal mucosal ZO\u20101 was consistent with the above changes. The above parameters were also significantly different between groups SC and SN (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: Pyr\u2010ORS provides a superior option to Cit\u2010ORS for the preservation of intestinal blood flow and barrier function and the attenuation of histopathological alterations in enteral resuscitation of rats with burn injury. Its underlying mechanism may be closely related to the pyruvate in activation of intestinal HIF\u20101\u2010EPO signaling cascades.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607115577817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,23]],"date-time":"2015-03-23T22:41:55Z","timestamp":1427150515000},"page":"924-933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Pyruvate Is Superior to Citrate in Oral Rehydration Solution in the Protection of Intestine via Hypoxia\u2010Inducible Factor\u20101 Activation in Rats With Burn 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