{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:26:44Z","timestamp":1760660804099,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]],"date-time":"1991-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":662688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Protein\u2010calorie malnutrition (PCM) is prevalent in cancer patients. However, the effect of PCM on antitumor immunity is unclear and critically important in an era of improving results with adoptive immunotherapy. This study examined the effect of short\u2010 and long\u2010term PCM on tumor\u2010specific and natural immune effector mechanisms in a murine neuroblastoma (C1300 NRB) model. A\/J mice received an isocaloric 2.5% or 24% casein diet for 3 or 8 weeks before innoculation with tumor. Three weeks later lymphocytes from tumor\u2010bearing mice were harvested for determination of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. Both 3 and 8 weeks of PCM significantly reduced mean total body weight by 25% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) and 41% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), respectively, compared with regularly nourished mice. Short\u2010term PCM did not inhibit CTL or NK cytotoxicity, whereas long\u2010term PCM significantly diminished CTL generation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) but preserved NK cytotoxic function. These results indicate that CTL development against autologous tumor, in contrast to basal NK function, is dependent on host nutritional status. Mean tumor growth, determined by tumor\u2010weight to carcass\u2010weight ratio, was unchanged for both short\u2010and long\u2010term protein\u2010energy deprived groups compared with results in regularly nourished mice. These findings suggest that NK function is the predominant effector mechanism inhibiting C1300 NRB growth and that NK tumorcidal capacity is preserved during PCM. <jats:italic>(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>15<\/jats:bold>:15\u201321, 1991)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/014860719101500115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,14]],"date-time":"2008-05-14T19:51:26Z","timestamp":1210794686000},"page":"15-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of Acute and Chronic Protein\u2010Energy Malnutrition on Host Antitumor Immune Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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