{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:48:00Z","timestamp":1761518880461,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]],"date-time":"1996-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":820454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background :<\/jats:italic> Dietary fish oil (FO) has been shown to modulate the immune system. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of FO supplementation on the production of dienoic eicosanoids and cytokines in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. <jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> This was a randomized, prospective, double\u2010blind study that included homosexual males with HIV infection. Patients were asked to consume voluntarily five food bars daily containing FO (n = 10) or safflower oil (SO) (n = 9) for 6 weeks. At baseline and week 6, plasma was obtained to measure incorporation of \u03c9\u20103 fatty acids. At baseline, week 3, and week 6, measurements were made of changes in dienoic eicosanoids and cytokines from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or spontaneously releasing cells. <jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> In the FO group but not the SO group, there was increased incorporation of the \u03c9\u20103 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into the phospholipids of the fatty acids of the plasma. In the FO group, there was a significant decrease (p =.01) in 6\u2010keto prostaglandin (PG) F<jats:sub>1\u03b1<\/jats:sub> released from PBMC. There was a significant increase (p =.01) in interleukin (IL)\u20106 released from the PBMC in the FO group between baseline and week 3 and between week 3 and week 6. At week 6, there was significantly more IL\u20106 (p =.01) released from the PBMC in the FO group compared with the SO group. There was no change in CD<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> cell counts by analysis of variance. <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> The FO\u2010containing food bars were well tolerated and allowed incorporation of \u03c9\u20103 fatty acids to occur. Despite evidence of significant metabolic effects on eicosanoid and cytokine production, widespread clinical use of FO for HIV\u2010infected patients is not warranted without further study, particularly given the trend toward a decline in CD<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> cell numbers at this dose and with this type of fish oil. <jats:italic>(Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition<\/jats:italic> <jats:bold>20<\/jats:bold>:43\u201349, 1996)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/014860719602000143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,14]],"date-time":"2008-05-14T19:51:26Z","timestamp":1210794686000},"page":"43-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Dietary Fish Oil and Cytokine and Eicosanoid Production During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Stacey J.","family":"Bell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sambasiva","family":"Chavali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce R.","family":"Bistrian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine Apour","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Utsunomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Armour","family":"Forse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902023200501"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.4.547","article-title":"Oral (\u03c9\u20103) fatty acid supplementation suppresses cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation : Comparison between young and older women","volume":"121","author":"Meydani SN","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-106-4-497"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"432","article-title":"Fish oil fatty acid supplementation in active ulcerative colitis: A double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, crossover 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