{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:32:03Z","timestamp":1760920323895,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6S","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]],"date-time":"1999-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":941414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Parenter Enteral Nutr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Body wasting and loss of lean body mass (LBM) have been associated with increased mortality and disease progression, and reduced quality of life, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The failure of nutritional therapies and, more recently, of effective viral suppression, to consistently restore LBM has prompted investigation of the pharmacologic use of a number of specific protein anabolic agents, including recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), insulinlike growth factor I (rhIGF\u2010I), and synthetic testosterone derivatives, such as nandrolone decanoate, oxandrolone, and oxymetholone. In a placebo\u2010controlled trial, treatment with rhGH resulted in a significant and sustained increase in weight that was accompanied by an even greater increase in LBM and a decrease in fat, and improvement in treadmill work output. Preliminary data suggest that short\u2010term rhGH treatment may be effective in mitigating weight loss in patients with secondary infections. Open\u2010label studies of nandrolone decanoate suggest that this injectable agent also can increase weight and LBM. Two oral agents, oxandrolone and oxymetholone, can increase weight, but their effects on LBM in placebo\u2010controlled trials have not been reported. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that HIV\u2010infected individuals can regain weight and LBM under the proper therapeutic circumstances. The effects of reversal of wasting on survival and disease progression, long\u2010term safety, and the potential value of these therapies in the treatment of fat redistribution remain to be determined. 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