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After more than 50 years of development, with the continuous deepening of research, the composition, physicochemical properties, functions and application directions of contrast agents have undergone significant changes. paper describes the generation, development stage, classification, main clinical applications and the latest technical progress of ultrasound contrast agents relatively comprehensively, reviews imaging principles, safety, tumor targeted imaging and treatment of UCA, introduces the classification of ultrasound contrast agents and their clinical applications in the whole body in detail, and compares the physical characteristics and diagnostic performance of SonoVue and Sonazoid, the two most widely used contrast agents in clinical practice. 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