{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T18:39:44Z","timestamp":1777574384154,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1980,6,1]],"date-time":"1980-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":328665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eval Health Prof"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A major disappointment with educational evaluative research in general, and health education evaluation in particular, is all too often outcome of \"no significant differ ence\" or \" no effect.\" Reviewing the evaluation literature one finds experienced investigators such as Donald Campbell, Marcia Guttentag, and Carol Weiss lamenting the fact that educational programs persistently fail to uncover statistical differences . This problem continues to plague evaluators whose experiential evidence indicates that the program may have produced some very desirable results. Thus, the traditional methods of evaluation are increas ingly being called into question. Evaluators are presenting theories to explain the \"no effects\" phenomenon and alternate methodologies are being proposed in the literature. This article suggests that health educators not only acknowledge the existence of this dilemma, but develop a working knowledge of alternate or qualitative data methodologies , theirpossibilities, and their limitations, thus encouraging the evalua tion of those health programs which have traditionally been classified as undoable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/016327878000300206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,11]],"date-time":"2007-03-11T03:28:00Z","timestamp":1173583680000},"page":"205-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Health Education Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Gebhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Physical Education & Recreation University of North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1980,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.32.2.140"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods","author":"Bogdan, R.","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/016146817607800201","volume":"78","author":"Bronfenbrenner, U.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Teachers College Record"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Qualitative knowing in action research","author":"Campbell, D.","year":"1974"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076829"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5914.1971.tb00166.x"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Alternative Evaluation Research Paradigm","author":"Patton, M.","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb8","author":"Rist, R.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anthropology and Education"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"School Desegregation: Outcomes for Children","author":"St. John, N.","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Maximizing the power of causal investigations: the modus operandi method","author":"Scriven, M.","year":"1976"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Evaluating the handbook of evaluation research","author":"Stanford Evaluation Consortium","year":"1976"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Conducting naturalistic research on teaching: some procedural considerations","author":"Tikunoff, W.","year":"1978"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Evaluation Research","author":"Weiss, C.","year":"1972"}],"container-title":["Evaluation &amp; the Health Professions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016327878000300206","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016327878000300206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T19:22:22Z","timestamp":1777404142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/016327878000300206"}},"subtitle":["An Alternate Research Paradigm"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,6]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/016327878000300206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/016327878000300206","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2787","1552-3918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2787","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-3918","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,6]]}}}