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Yet, mechanisms underlying this association and whether such processes vary by gender is unknown. Guided by stress process theory, we examine whether county- and tract-level poverty rates are differentially associated with functional limitations by gender and whether secondary ecological stressors (e.g., perceived neighborhood danger and physical disorder) and individual-level psychosocial factors (e.g., coping behaviors and social support) mediate these relationships. Using data from the Midlife in the United States study, findings from the path analyses revealed that while the total effect of county-level poverty rate did not differ by gender, indirect effects via mediators\u2014especially stress eating\u2014were significant for women only. Tract-level poverty exhibited a gendered total effect and gendered pathways through neighborhood safety and physical activity (significant for women exclusively). 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