{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:23:50Z","timestamp":1784175830050,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Connecticut Office of Global Affairs"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Res Aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the effects of subjective health status and grit (a personality trait) on subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in adult people living with HIV (PLWH) in Nigeria, as previous research suggested that these factors may predict cognitive functioning. A total of 150 PLWH (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M<\/jats:italic>\n                    age = 55.19) completed paper-based questionnaires at a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Multiple linear regression showed that better subjective health status was negatively associated with SCD. Grit-components (consistency of interest and perseverance of effort) moderated the association between subjective health and SCD. Higher consistency of interest strengthened the protective effect of positive subjective health on SCD, while low perseverance of effort amplified this protective association. The role of personality traits on health and cognitive decline in adults living with HIV in Nigeria warrants more studies to help inform cognitive health intervention programs for middle-aged and older adults with HIV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01640275251409700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T10:20:58Z","timestamp":1766398858000},"page":"415-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does Grit Moderate the Association Between Health and Subjective Cognitive Decline Among Middle-Age and Older Nigerians Living With HIV?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5727-1694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Candidus","family":"Nwakasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chizobam","family":"Nweke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269448"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2022.2038070"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12432"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_1_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642018dn13-030011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora S. Patten S. B. Mallo S. C. Lojo-Seoane C. Felpete A. Facal-Mayo D. Pereiro A. X. (2024). The influence of education in predicting conversion from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to objective cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews 101 Article 102487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102487"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09750878231194560"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-006-0039-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11144\/Javeriana.upsy16-2.sdsw"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","first-page":"afac217","article-title":"Healthcare for older people in Africa","volume":"51","author":"Cassim B.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cassim B., Tipping B. (2022). Healthcare for older people in Africa. Age and Ageing, 51(11), afac217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afac217","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.70001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201170"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S123428"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03848-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70269-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721414541462"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890802634290"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.776"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erhart M. (2021). Subjective health of adults \u2013 significance and implications for prevention and health promotion. In Tiemann M. Mohokum M. (Eds.) Prevention and health promotion (pp. 13\u201321). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-62426-5_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-62426-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsa3.70003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610224000541"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01650.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"Development of a subjective cognitive decline questionnaire using item response theory: A pilot study","volume":"1","author":"Gifford K. A.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gifford K. A., Liu D., Romano R. R., Jones R. N., Jefferson A. L. (2015). Development of a subjective cognitive decline questionnaire using item response theory: A pilot study. Alzheimer\u2019s and Dementia, 1(4), 429\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dadm.2015.09.004","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s and Dementia"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hequ.12455"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach","author":"Hayes A. F.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hayes A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. The Guilford Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain H. Fadel A. Garcia E. Michel G. Saadoon Z. F. Fernandes A. Jarrett O. Naseer L. Abellard R.-B. Dalgado P. (2024). HIV and dementia. Microbe Magazine 2 Article 100052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microb.2024.100052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2024.100052"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0827-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01379448"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12163"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317518791401"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.2021.2013156"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70072"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knauft K. M. Holt C. A. Kalia V. (2024). Perceived stress mediates associations between grit and health-related quality of life. Psychological Reports 18 Article 332941241248607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00332941241248607","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941241248607"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosed dementia in adults age 65 and older: United States, 2022","volume":"203","author":"Kramarow E. A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kramarow E. A. (2024). Diagnosed dementia in adults age 65 and older: United States, 2022. National Health Statistics Reports, 203, 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15620\/cdc\/154766","journal-title":"National Health Statistics Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14261"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li C. Xia Y. Zhang Y. (2023). Relationship between subjective well-being and depressive disorders: Novel findings of cohort variations and demographic heterogeneities. Frontiers in Psychology 10(13) Article 1022643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1022643","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1022643"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-020-00699-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13244"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbz087"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y.-S. Chung H.-T. Wang J.-K. Yang C.-Y. Liu C.-Y. Chen C.-W. (2024). How grit mediates depressive symptoms with life and job satisfaction in full-time employed adults with congenital heart disease. Applied Nursing Research: ANR 79 Article 151845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apnr.2024.151845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2024.151845"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61603-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5102-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-021-00564-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnac121"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsad066"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monden C. (2023). Subjective health and subjective well-being. In Maggino F. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research (pp. 6938\u20136941). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-17299-1_3957","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-17299-1_3957"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2061-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/BMED.34.4.133-144"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.051496"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Meta-analysis of factors affecting prevalence estimates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"117","author":"Nweke M. C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nweke M. C., Okemuo A. J., Uduonu E. M., Ugwu P. I., Nwachukwu C., Mshunqane N. (2021). Meta-analysis of factors affecting prevalence estimates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in Sub-Saharan Africa. South African Journal of Science, 117(9\u201310), 53\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17159\/sajs.2021\/8575","journal-title":"South African Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0131"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100005977"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001411"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01138-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02271-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624221106523"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Onovo A. A. Adeyemi A. Onime D. Kalnoky M. Kagniniwa B. Dessie M. Lee L. Parrish D. Adebobola B. Ashefor G. Ogorry O. Goldstein R. Meri H. (2023). Estimation of HIV prevalence and burden in Nigeria: A Bayesian predictive modelling study. eClinicalMedicine 20(62) Article 102098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102098"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","article-title":"Four assumptions of multiple regression that researchers should always test. Practical Assessment","volume":"8","author":"Osbourne J. W.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Osbourne J. W., Waters E. (2002). Four assumptions of multiple regression that researchers should always test. Practical Assessment. Research and Evaluation, 8(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7275\/r222-hv23","journal-title":"Research and Evaluation"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002346"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-57642020dn14-030007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peleg S. Nudelman G. (2021). Associations between self-rated health and depressive symptoms among older adults: Does age matter? Social Science & Medicine 280 Article 114024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnab112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000313"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825585.2016.1210079"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2021.1919990"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnac109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111488"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-05815-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78124-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617717001102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000322373"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7475\/kjan.2023.35.2.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sevinc G. Rusche J. Wong B. Datta T. Kaufman R. Gutz S. E. Schneider M. Todorova N. Gaser C. Thomalla G. Rentz D. Dickerson B. D. Lazar S. W. (2021). Mindfulness training improves cognition and strengthens intrinsic connectivity between the hippocampus and posteromedial cortex in healthy older adults. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 27(13) Article 702796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.702796","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.702796"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsx145"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2017.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311886.2018.1555201"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12865-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weng X. George D. R. Jiang B. Wang L. (2020). Association between subjective cognitive decline and social and emotional support in US adults. American Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Other Dementias 35 Article 1533317520922392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1533317520922392","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317520922392"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy9020109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161252"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_1","volume-title":"Dementia fact sheet","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2023, March 15). Dementia fact sheet. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_88_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Nzema proverbs and sayings about hard-work, perseverance and self-reliance","volume":"20","author":"Yakub M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yakub M., Osei W. A. (2020). Nzema proverbs and sayings about hard-work, perseverance and self-reliance. Studies in Literature and Language, 20(2), 21\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3968\/11708","journal-title":"Studies in Literature and Language"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yusuf A. Mohd S. (2022). Growth and fiscal effects of insecurity on the Nigerian economy. European Journal of Development Research 35 743\u2013769. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41287-022-00531-3","DOI":"10.1057\/s41287-022-00531-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23074-8"}],"container-title":["Research on Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01640275251409700","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/01640275251409700","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/01640275251409700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T06:50:58Z","timestamp":1782456658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01640275251409700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/01640275251409700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01640275251409700","relation":{},"ISSN":["0164-0275","1552-7573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0164-0275","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-7573","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]}}}