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Using four-wave panel data (2014\u20132020) of 1,990 older adults, we applied latent growth and group-based trajectory models to map social adaptation developmental patterns. Personal development adaptation exhibited a nonlinear declining trajectory, while ideological-cultural adaptation fell into four subgroups: gradual decline, stable low, initial decline with subsequent stabilization, and sustained moderate-to-high adaptation. Baseline education and self-rated health positively predicted initial personal development adaptation levels. Cognitive function showed consistent positive longitudinal effects on personal development adaptation and heterogeneous predictive links to ideological-cultural subgroup membership. Depressive symptoms negatively predicted personal development adaptation and only predicted membership in the sustained high-adaptation ideological-cultural subgroup. Friendship had no significant predictive effect on two dimensions. This study confirms domain-specific heterogeneity in older adults\u2019 social adaptation and offers empirical evidence for targeted active aging interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01640275261473995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T05:28:48Z","timestamp":1785302928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidimensional Trajectories of Social Adaptation Among Chinese Older Adults: Heterogeneous Pathways Shaped by Cognitive Function, Depression Symptoms, and Friendship"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7101-7182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei University of Police"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-2579-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00914150241268166"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532480XADS0501_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0357-6_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.52.4.366"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1978.tb02546.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.32.7.513"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2022.103417"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021285"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2023.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191911885"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.100448"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Research on the social adaptation of urban elderly under the background of population aging","volume":"6","author":"Chen B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen B. 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