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The results show that health shocks are significantly associated with lower dietary diversity. This association remains stable across sensitivity analyses. Heterogeneity analyses further indicate that the negative association is stronger among the oldest adults and those with a higher chronic disease burden. Mechanism analyses suggest that financial condition, physiological functioning, and outdoor activity partly account for the association. These findings suggest that, among older adults in China, health shocks may operate more as constraints that reduce the capacity to maintain diverse diets. Post-illness care should therefore integrate nutritional support, functional recovery, and community-based assistance, especially for older adults with greater health vulnerability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/01640275261481532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T07:33:12Z","timestamp":1787902392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Constraint or Warning? 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