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Very little is known about the associations between psychophysiological functioning in infancy and later ODD and CU behaviors. This study examined associations between basal autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning in infancy and ODD and CU behaviors in later childhood. Using longitudinal heart period (HP) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) data from the Durham Child Health and Development Study ( N = 206), the current study tested associations within a structural equation modeling framework, between continuous measures of HP and RSA across the first 2 years of life, and later ODD and CU behaviors at first grade. Results indicate that ODD and CU behaviors in childhood are associated with lower baseline RSA, but not HP, across infancy. The implications of these findings for developmental models of ODD and CU behaviors are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025415605391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,30]],"date-time":"2015-09-30T21:00:25Z","timestamp":1443646825000},"page":"127-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and heart period in infancy as correlates of later oppositional defiant and callous-unemotional behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Mills-Koonce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Willoughby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathi","family":"Propper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Developmental Science, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rehder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noa","family":"Gueron-Sela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Developmental Science, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0165025415605391","first-page":"179","volume-title":"The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment: Volume 2: Instruments for children and adolescents","author":"Achenbach T. 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