{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:21:40Z","timestamp":1793326900520,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,15]],"date-time":"2020-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant LU 2053\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant LU 2053\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Behavioral Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prior research in non-U.S. samples has found a complex nonlinear relationship between loneliness and age. This research has shown that established predictors of loneliness\u2014poor health, being unmarried, living alone, and having infrequent social interactions\u2014help to explain age differences in loneliness. However, while some variables were found to be universal predictors of loneliness at all ages, others were relevant in specific age groups only. In this study, we describe age differences in frequency of loneliness from age 18 to 89+ years in the U.S. and examine age differences in predictors of loneliness from age-specificity and age-normative perspectives. We used cross-sectional nationally representative data from the General Social Survey ( N = 2,477) and found a nonlinear relationship between age and loneliness that closely resembles prior research. However, we found no evidence for age-specific predictors of loneliness. Household income, household size, marital status, health, and frequency of socializing were \u201cuniversal\u201d predictors of loneliness; their associations with loneliness did not differ in strength with age. Our hypothesis that individuals who deviated from age-specific norms would experience more intense loneliness was not supported. Implications for research and loneliness interventions are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025420971048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:52:12Z","timestamp":1605487932000},"page":"39-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":260,"title":["Loneliness from young adulthood to old age: Explaining age differences in loneliness"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7876-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise C.","family":"Hawkley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NORC at the University of Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Buecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruhr University Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruhr University Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maike","family":"Luhmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruhr University Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0165025420971048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barreto M., Victor C., Hammond C., Eccles A., Richins M. 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