{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T05:41:05Z","timestamp":1740807665558,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The Himalayan region is characterised by mountain communities that have many of the poorest and isolated peoples in the world. These communities suffer from poor infrastructure and lack of access to basic resources and services, including relevant information. Since the mid-1990s, Internet technologies have been used increasingly in different parts of the Himalayan region, in an attempt to address problems of information access and sharing and of communication among and between communities. The overall objectives of using these technologies in mountain areas have been to bring about an improvement in the quality of life and to seek to avoid increasing marginalisation of mountain communities through a widening \u2018information gap\u2019 between the richer, \u2018connected\u2019 urban populations and the poorer isolated rural communities. <\/jats:p><jats:p> There is growing interest on the part of various players, including governments, private organisations and nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), to promote the use of the Internet and related information and communication technologies. Among the international NGOs, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) plays a unique role in the Himalayas, as it has a mandate to specifically serve communities in mountain areas and it works throughout the region, in Afghanistan, North Pakistan, North India, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. <\/jats:p><jats:p> This paper traces the history of Internet usage in the Himalayas and introduces the issues and problems faced in implementing projects and other initiatives to promote usage. Specific reference is made to examples arising from some of ICIMOD\u2019s projects; lessons learned from these experiences are highlighted. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/016555150102700102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,18]],"date-time":"2004-12-18T01:36:35Z","timestamp":1103333795000},"page":"9-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Internet technologies in the Himalayas: lessons learned during the 1990"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Shahid","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu,                         Nepal,"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Gregson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"[1] Through its Mountain Environment and Natural Resources Information                 Service Division, ICIMOD (www.icimod.org.sg) has also been very active in promoting                 the use of geographical information systems for development planning in the                 Himalayan region. These projects are not covered in this paper."},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"3305","volume":"34","year":"1999","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"[3] Available at: www.globalknowledge.org\/press.html"},{"volume-title":"The Hindu-Kush Himalayas: Ecoregion of International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development","year":"1999","key":"atypb4"},{"volume-title":"Human Development Index","year":"1999","author":"United Nations Development Programme","key":"atypb5"},{"volume-title":"Information and Communication Infrastructure","year":"2000","author":"B.R. Kanel","key":"atypb6"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"[7] Available at: www.panasia.org.sg\/nepalnet"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"[8] Available at: www.unescap.org\/pop\/database\/chinadata\/tibet.htm"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"[9] Available at: www.tibet.com\/WhitePaper\/white6.html"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"[10] Available at: www.unganisha.idrc.ca\/itrain\/materials.php3"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"[11] Sustainable Development Network Programme (SDNP), Islamabad, Pakistan, 2000."},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"[12] Division of Telecommunication, DrukNet, Bhutan Telecom, 2000."},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"[13] Literacy rates: the approximate average of (i) the seven north-eastern                 States are Arunachal Pradesh: 60%, Manipur: 76%, Meghalaya: 77%, Mizoram: 95%,                 Nagaland: 84%, Sikkim: 79% and Tripura: 73% and (ii) two northern States are                 Himachal Pradesh: 77% and Uttararakhand: not available. Figures on literacy rates                 for individual States are from Economic Survey of India 1998-99."},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"[14] Available from: www.epw.org.in\/34-4647\/sa5.htm"}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016555150102700102","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016555150102700102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T16:28:53Z","timestamp":1740760133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/016555150102700102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/016555150102700102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/016555150102700102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0165-5515"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-6485"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}}}