{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T02:02:45Z","timestamp":1760061765637,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]],"date-time":"2002-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A review of recent Government initiatives in the area of e-Government based upon a review of the literature is presented. The desk research covered the period 1997 to 2001, and covered a number of major countries, including Canada, USA, Member States of the European Union, South Africa, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand. The UK was not included in the survey. The targets set by Government are often vague, and few governments seem to have addressed in any thoughtful manner the problems citizens might have with use of technology. An approach along the lines of \u2018this is bound to happen\u2019 rather than \u2018what sort of society do we really want?\u2019 is a common feature amongst all the approaches examined. The risks of enhancing the digital divide are also rarely explicitly addressed. Comments regarding good initiatives that offer models for other countries to adopt are made. The emergence of government portals is without doubt the most significant development. These provide the facility for personalization by the user. The New Zealand Government\u2019s efforts to ensure that its web sites are useful for citizens who have difficulty spelling and the Canadian Government\u2019s use of minority languages are also noteworthy. The leading countries are Australia, New Zealand, USA and Canada. The Australian Government\u2019s e-procurement strategy is a role model for the future. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/016555150202800301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,18]],"date-time":"2004-12-18T01:36:35Z","timestamp":1103333795000},"page":"173-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["National Information Policy developments worldwide I: electronic government"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Muir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Oppenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK,"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Assessing E-Government: the Internet, democracy, and service delivery by State and Federal Governments","author":"D.M. West","key":"atypb1"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"[2] Cyberspace Policy Research Group, www.cyprg.arizona.edu\/                 (access date 26 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] Governments on the World Wide Web, www.gkscott.com\/govt\/en\/                 (access date 17 August 2001).","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110977318-003"},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb4","author":"D.W. Schartum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Information, Law and Technology"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"[5] Access to Public Sector Information, discussion paper, DG XIII LEGASSIST95B."},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"[6] Australian Federal Government Site, Access to Australian Commonwealth                 Government Information and Services; www.fed.gov.au\/ (access date 16                 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"[7] CentreLink. Linking Australian Government Services,                 www.centrelink.gov.au\/ (16 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"[8] Services to Citizens, www.egov.it\/egovie\/themes\/citizens\/index.html"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"[9] Australian Government Fedlink Home Page, www.fedlink.gov.au\/                 (access date 30 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"[10] A strategic framework for the Information Economy,                 www.noie.gov.au\/projects\/information_economy\/strategic_framework\/dec98_strategy.htm                 (actually released January 1999)."},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"[11] GOVERNET; making it easier to find Government information and services, www.noie.gov.au\/projects\/information_economy\/research&analysis\/ie_stats\/CSOP_June2001\/Intensity\/intensity9.htm"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"[12] Making it easier to find Government information and services, www.govonline.gov.au\/projects\/services&innovation\/governet.htm"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"[13] Government Electronic Procurement Implementation Strategy, www.govonline.gov.au\/projects\/eprocurement\/Strategy\/ImplementationStrategy.htm"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"[14] Canadian Government Web Site, http:\/\/canada.gc.ca\/ (access                 date 30 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"[15] E-Government Action Plan,                 http:\/\/info.ic.gc.ca\/cmb\/Welcomeic.nsf\/ (access date 28 July 2001)."},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"[16] Initiatives for e-government,                 http:\/\/connect.gc.ca\/en\/600-e.htm (25 July 2001)."},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"[17] United Kingdom and Canada Sign Joint Statement on Global Electronic                 Commerce and E-Government, http:\/\/info.ic.gc.ca\/cmb\/Welcomeic.nsf\/af913527c10aeb6a852564820068dc6c\/85256779007b82f4852569fb005a198e!OpenDocument"},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"[18] Canadian Government Portal, www.canada.gc.ca\/main_e.html (30                 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"[19] Current and Future Initiatives, www.gol-ged.gc.ca\/pub\/serv-can\/serv-can05_e.asp"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"[20] Canadian Government Strategies Web Site,                 http:\/\/strategis.ic.gc.ca\/ (access date 30 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"[21] W. Matthews. Canada securing e-government, www.fcw.com\/fcw\/articles\/2001\/0702\/web-canada-07-03-01.asp"},{"key":"atypb22","unstructured":"[22] Canadian site for French, www.enap.uquebec.ca\/observatoire\/OUTI\/asi_sin.html"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"[23] E Europe 2002 Action Plan,                 http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/information_society\/eeurope\/action_plan\/index_en.htm                 (access date 19 July 2001)."},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"[24] Top officials from across Europe agree plans for on-line government                 services,                 http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/rapid\/start\/cgi\/guesten.ksh?p_action.gettxt=gt&doc=IP\/01\/859%7C0%7CRAPID&lg=EN                 (access date 19 June 2001)."},{"key":"atypb25","unstructured":"[25] Top officials from across Europe agree plans for online government                 services, http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/ISPO\/ecommerce\/epolicy\/2001-07.html%23agree"},{"key":"atypb26","unstructured":"[26] Europa Official Site, http:\/\/europa.eu.int"},{"key":"atypb27","unstructured":"[27] Danish Local Government Web portal, http:\/\/www.netborger.dk\/                 (access date 30 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb28","unstructured":"[28] The IT Action Plan, www.fsk.dk\/fsk\/publ\/1007\/action97\/                 (access date 30 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb29","unstructured":"[29] Pilot project for digital signatures,                 www.ica.ogo.gov.au\/ica1\/Events\/conf32\/roundtable\/denmark.pdf (access date                 30 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb30","unstructured":"[30] Service Public, www.service-public.fr\/accueil\/english.html                 (access date 30 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb31","unstructured":"[31] Forum International Working Group,                 www.foruminfo2000.de\/AGs\/Infos\/Welcome.html (access date 23 July 2001)."},{"key":"atypb32","unstructured":"[32] e Ireland, www.irlgov.ie\/taoiseach\/eIreland\/intro.htm (access                 date 19 September 2001)."},{"key":"atypb33","unstructured":"[33] Implementing the information society in Ireland: an action plan,                 www.irlgov.ie\/taoiseach\/publication\/infosocactionplan\/infosoc.htm (access                 date 19 September 2001)."},{"key":"atypb34","unstructured":"[34] www.e-tenders.gov.ie (access date 19 September 2001)."},{"key":"atypb35","unstructured":"[35] L. Bannon. 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Lombard","key":"atypb43"},{"key":"atypb44","unstructured":"[44] Swedish Government gateway, www.sweden.se\/si\/67.cs (access                 date 30 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:4<299::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"atypb46","unstructured":"[46] US Advisory Council on the National Information Infrastructure,                 Executive Order 15 September 1993."},{"key":"atypb47","unstructured":"[47] FirstGov, http:\/\/www.firstgov.gov\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-1333(00)00163-4","volume":"26","author":"J.C. Berlot","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Academic Librarianship"},{"key":"atypb49","unstructured":"[49] FirstGov, www.firstgov.gov\/top_nav\/about.html (access date 29                 August 2001)."},{"key":"atypb50","unstructured":"[50] T. Riley, personal communication."},{"key":"atypb51","unstructured":"[51] D. 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ERIC Document ED 410-965 (1997)."},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-1333(01)00210-5"},{"key":"atypb57","unstructured":"[57] USA Government Online, http:\/\/nii.nist.gov\/g7\/09_govt_online\/09_govt_online.html"},{"key":"atypb58","unstructured":"[58] E-Government Act 2001, http:\/\/frwebgate.access.gpo.gov\/cgibin\/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_cong_bills&docid=f:s803is.txt.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"atypb59","first-page":"9","volume":"30","year":"2001","journal-title":"Advanced Technology Libraries"},{"journal-title":"Federal Computer Week","author":"J. Hasson","key":"atypb60"},{"key":"atypb61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-0237(00)00206-9"},{"key":"atypb62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:4<340::AID-ASI11>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb63","first-page":"291","volume":"91","author":"W.R. Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"Law Library Journal"},{"key":"atypb64","unstructured":"[64] I. Chatrie and P. Wraight, Public Strategies for the Information Society                 in the Member States of the European Union, Information Society Project Office of                 the European Communities (2000)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016555150202800301","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/016555150202800301","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T08:13:02Z","timestamp":1740903182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/016555150202800301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/016555150202800301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/016555150202800301","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5515","1741-6485"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0165-5515"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-6485"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]}}}